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Research, Nature; Goodey, Greg (2021): State of Open Data Survey 2021 additional resources. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17081231.v1

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Q2.1 To provide a little more context for your later responses we would first like to understand a little about your research and attitudes towards open science. When was the last occasion that you published or submitted a manuscript to a journal?

Survey Q2.1 n Pct
2019 Within the last year 4597 80.6
2020 Within the last year 4001 80.9
2021 Within the last year 3718 82.8
2019 1-2 years ago 742 13
2020 1-2 years ago 602 12.2
2021 1-2 years ago 509 11.3
2019 3-5 years ago 361 6.3
2020 3-5 years ago 342 6.9
2021 3-5 years ago 264 5.9

Q2.3 In which year was your first peer-reviewed research article published?

Q2.3 n Pct
2019 809 5.1%
2018 636 4%
2017 602 3.8%
2015 600 3.8%
2012 566 3.6%
2016 552 3.5%
2014 538 3.4%
2013 514 3.2%
2010 511 3.2%
2011 471 3%
2009 463 2.9%
2008 458 2.9%
2005 423 2.7%
2006 396 2.5%
2007 395 2.5%
2004 368 2.3%
2003 362 2.3%
2000 346 2.2%
1998 339 2.1%
2001 334 2.1%
2021 334 2.1%
2002 328 2.1%
1999 307 1.9%
2020 303 1.9%
1996 280 1.8%
1997 278 1.7%
1992 274 1.7%
1995 254 1.6%
1994 252 1.6%
1991 251 1.6%
1990 236 1.5%
1993 228 1.4%
1989 223 1.4%
1985 208 1.3%
1987 200 1.3%
1986 198 1.2%
1988 192 1.2%
1984 179 1.1%
1983 152 1%
1982 140 0.9%
1980 138 0.9%
1978 137 0.9%
1981 130 0.8%
1979 120 0.8%
1976 105 0.7%
1974 82 0.5%
1975 81 0.5%
1977 81 0.5%
1973 73 0.5%
1971 68 0.4%
1972 68 0.4%
1969 57 0.4%
1970 50 0.3%
1965 35 0.2%
1967 32 0.2%
1968 26 0.2%
1964 24 0.2%
1966 23 0.1%
1963 20 0.1%
1962 17 0.1%
1961 15 0.1%
1960 14 0.1%
1957 9 0.1%
1959 9 0.1%
1958 6 0%
1955 4 0%
1950 3 0%
1954 2 0%
1951 1 0%
1956 1 0%

Q2.4 Which of the following best describes your primary area of interest?

Survey Q2.4 n Pct
2020 Medicine 1185 24.2%
2019 Medicine 1048 18.7%
2020 Biology 945 19.3%
2019 Biology 925 16.5%
2019 Other (please specify) 917 16.4%
2021 Medicine 897 20%
2021 Other (please specify) 849 18.9%
2021 Biology 820 18.3%
2020 Other (please specify) 758 15.5%
2019 Engineering 669 12%
2019 Social Sciences 633 11.3%
2021 Engineering 530 11.8%
2019 Earth and Environmental Science 498 8.9%
2020 Engineering 491 10%
2020 Social Sciences 423 8.6%
2021 Social Sciences 422 9.4%
2016 Biology 402 28%
2020 Earth and Environmental Science 369 7.5%
2021 Earth and Environmental Science 333 7.4%
2019 Physics 242 4.3%
2018 Biology 229 19.9%
2016 Medicine 227 15.8%
2019 Chemistry 208 3.7%
2020 Physics 184 3.8%
2021 Physics 183 4.1%
2018 Other (please specify) 179 15.6%
2020 Chemistry 172 3.5%
2018 Medicine 169 14.7%
2018 Social Sciences 167 14.5%
2016 Other (please specify) 162 11.3%
2021 Chemistry 156 3.5%
2020 Materials Science 146 3%
2019 Arts and Humanities 139 2.5%
2016 Engineering 135 9.4%
2019 Materials Science 133 2.4%
2021 Materials Science 128 2.9%
2016 Social Sciences 123 8.6%
2018 Earth and Environmental Science 119 10.3%
2020 Arts and Humanities 114 2.3%
2016 Earth and Environmental Science 110 7.7%
2019 Business/Investment 109 1.9%
2016 Physics 88 6.1%
2021 Arts and Humanities 84 1.9%
2018 Engineering 81 7%
2017 Biology 77 29.8%
2019 Astronomy and planetary science 71 1.3%
2020 Business/Investment 70 1.4%
2016 Chemistry 65 4.5%
2016 Materials Science 51 3.6%
2021 Business/Investment 49 1.1%
2018 Chemistry 48 4.2%
2020 Astronomy and planetary science 46 0.9%
2017 Other (please specify) 45 17.4%
2016 Arts and Humanities 44 3.1%
2018 Arts and Humanities 44 3.8%
2018 Materials Science 44 3.8%
2021 Astronomy and planetary science 40 0.9%
2017 Earth and Environmental Science 33 12.8%
2018 Business/Investment 30 2.6%
2017 Social Sciences 29 11.2%
2018 Physics 29 2.5%
2017 Medicine 27 10.5%
2017 Engineering 24 9.3%
2016 Astronomy and planetary science 15 1%
2016 Business/Investment 14 1%
2018 Astronomy and planetary science 11 1%
2017 Arts and Humanities 8 3.1%
2017 Physics 6 2.3%
2017 Chemistry 4 1.6%
2017 Materials Science 3 1.2%
2017 Astronomy and planetary science 1 0.4%
2017 Business/Investment 1 0.4%

Q2.6 Does any of your current research involve collaboration with others? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q2.6 n Pct
2019 Yes, internationally 3167 55.6%
2021 Yes, internationally 2438 33.1%
2021 Yes, within my institution 2323 31.6%
2021 Yes, within my country 2196 29.8%
2020 Yes, internationally 2093 42.3%
2020 Yes, within my country 1275 25.8%
2019 Yes, within my country 1116 19.6%
2020 Yes, within my institution 1103 22.3%
2019 Yes, within my institution 907 15.9%
2016 Yes, internationally 887 52.5%
2017 Yes, within my country 532 45.1%
2019 No 466 8.2%
2020 No 435 8.8%
2021 No 373 5.1%
2016 Yes, within my country 364 21.6%
2017 Yes, within my institution 345 29.3%
2016 Yes, within my institution 302 17.9%
2017 No 257 21.8%
2016 No 135 8%
2017 Yes, internationally 45 3.8%
2019 I don’t know 44 0.8%
2020 I don’t know 39 0.8%
2021 I don’t know 30 0.4%

Q2.7_1 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Making research articles open access should be common scholarly practice

Survey Q2.7_1 n Pct
2021 Strongly agree 3019 67.2%
2021 Somewhat agree 916 20.4%
2021 Neutral 351 7.8%
2021 Somewhat disagree 106 2.4%
2021 Strongly disagree 99 2.2%

Q2.7_2 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Making research data openly available should be common scholarly practice (2)

Survey Q2.7_2 n Pct
2021 Strongly agree 2358 52.5%
2021 Somewhat agree 1275 28.4%
2021 Neutral 521 11.6%
2021 Somewhat disagree 229 5.1%
2021 Strongly disagree 108 2.4%

Q2.7_3 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Making all research outputs openly available should be common scholarly practices (3)

Survey Q2.7_3 n Pct
2021 Strongly agree 2205 49.1%
2021 Somewhat agree 1314 29.3%
2021 Neutral 575 12.8%
2021 Somewhat disagree 260 5.8%
2021 Strongly disagree 137 3.1%

Q2.8 How familiar are you with the FAIR data principles in relation to open data?

Survey Q2.8 n Pct
2019 I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now 3089 54.2%
2020 I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now 1950 39.4%
2020 I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them 1789 36.2%
2021 I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them 1721 38.3%
2019 I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them 1585 27.8%
2021 I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now 1515 33.7%
2021 I am familiar with the FAIR principles 1255 27.9%
2020 I am familiar with the FAIR principles 1206 24.4%
2019 I am familiar with the FAIR principles 1026 18%
2018 I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now 739 59.6%
2018 I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them 312 25.2%
2018 I am familiar with the FAIR principles 188 15.2%

Data Sharing Practices

Q3.1 About your research data. Do you curate/prepare your data for sharing during or shortly after the data collection process either privately or publicly?

Survey Q3.1 n Pct
2020 Yes, some 1836 37.1%
2019 Yes, all data 1321 23.2%
2019 Yes, some 1306 22.9%
2021 Yes, some 1185 26.4%
2019 No, it’s not important with our data 1034 18.1%
2021 Yes, all data 947 21.1%
2020 Yes, all data 917 18.5%
2017 Yes, some 834 33%
2020 Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond 771 15.6%
2021 Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond 750 16.7%
2019 No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to 676 11.9%
2019 Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond 550 9.6%
2019 Yes, but only data shared publicly 549 9.6%
2021 Yes, but only data shared publicly 537 12%
2021 No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to 504 11.2%
2020 Yes, but only data shared publicly 489 9.9%
2020 No, it’s not important with our data 465 9.4%
2017 Yes, all data 453 17.9%
2018 Yes, some 417 33.7%
2020 No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to 360 7.3%
2017 Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond 357 14.1%
2021 No, it’s not important with our data 352 7.8%
2017 No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to 298 11.8%
2017 No, it’s not important with our data 273 10.8%
2019 No, other (please specify) 264 4.6%
2021 No, other (please specify) 216 4.8%
2017 Yes, but only data shared publicly 214 8.5%
2018 Yes, all data 188 15.2%
2018 Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond 185 14.9%
2018 No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to 152 12.3%
2018 No, it’s not important with our data 124 10%
2018 Yes, but only data shared publicly 123 9.9%
2020 No, other (please specify) 107 2.2%
2017 No, other (please specify) 95 3.8%
2018 No, other (please specify) 49 4%

Q3.2 Have you created a data management plan for your current research? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q3.2 n Pct
2021 No 1595 32.4%
2021 Yes, but not as a result of any requirement 1270 25.8%
2021 Yes, it was a requirement of my institution 839 17.1%
2021 Yes, it was a requirement of my current funder 738 15%
2021 Yes, it is a requirement of the journal I plan to submit to 475 9.7%

Q3.3 At which point during the research cycle, if at all, do you make your data available?

Survey Q3.3 n Pct
2021 On publication of the research 1370 30.5%
2021 Upon request from others 968 21.6%
2021 When submitting a research article 861 19.2%
2021 When the research is complete 655 14.6%
2021 I do not share my data beyond my immediate collaborators 435 9.7%
2021 Immediately at the point when data is collected 202 4.5%

Q3.4 How do you share your research data with a public audience? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q3.4 n Pct
2021 Institutional repository 1979 33.9%
2021 External repository (e.g. Figshare, Zenodo) 1075 18.4%
2021 Cloud file sharing (e.g. Dropbox, Google Drive) 975 16.7%
2021 Funder repository 603 10.3%
2021 Blog / website 603 10.3%
2021 Other (please specify) 597 10.2%

Q3.5 To what extent do you think you make your data open in compliance with FAIR?

Survey Q3.5 n Pct
2019 Neutral 1659 29.1%
2019 Somewhat 1578 27.7%
2020 Somewhat 1443 29.2%
2021 Somewhat 1286 31.7%
2019 Very much 1122 19.7%
2020 I don’t know 996 20.1%
2020 Neutral 919 18.6%
2021 Very much 902 22.2%
2020 Very much 851 17.2%
2021 Neutral 728 17.9%
2019 Not at all 726 12.7%
2021 I don’t know 627 15.5%
2019 Not very much 615 10.8%
2020 Not very much 459 9.3%
2021 Not very much 386 9.5%
2018 Neutral 313 36.1%
2020 Not at all 277 5.6%
2018 Somewhat 249 28.7%
2018 Very much 153 17.6%
2021 Not at all 127 3.1%
2018 Not very much 94 10.8%
2018 Not at all 58 6.7%

Q3.6 Do you know who meets the costs of making your research data openly accessible (e.g. resource for curation)?

Survey Q3.6 n Pct
2020 I don’t know 1418 28.7%
2020 Funds identified in grant for this purpose 1296 26.2%
2021 I don’t know 1169 28.8%
2021 Your institution 1014 25%
2017 I don’t know 866 35.8%
2020 Your institution 864 17.5%
2021 Own funds 855 21.1%
2016 I don’t know 613 39.4%
2020 Own funds 548 11.1%
2020 Funder 510 10.3%
2017 Funds identified in grant for this purpose 488 20.2%
2021 Funds identified in grant for this purpose 416 10.3%
2017 Your institution 381 15.8%
2021 General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose 360 8.9%
2016 Your institution 313 20.1%
2020 General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose 309 6.2%
2017 General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose 299 12.4%
2017 Own funds 282 11.7%
2016 Funds identified in grant for this purpose 267 17.2%
2021 Your funder 242 6%
2016 Own funds 166 10.7%
2016 General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose 147 9.5%
2017 Funder 100 4.1%
2016 Funder 48 3.1%

Q3.7 If you required help in making your research data openly available, which sources would you rely upon? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q3.7 n Pct
2019 Publisher 2433 20.2%
2020 Publisher 2167 19.5%
2019 Colleague 1978 16.4%
2019 Research office/In-house institutional expertise 1966 16.3%
2020 Research office/In-house institutional expertise 1935 17.4%
2020 Colleague 1721 15.5%
2021 Repository 1567 15%
2020 Web-search 1553 14%
2019 Web-search 1548 12.9%
2021 Publisher 1534 14.7%
2019 Library 1395 11.6%
2021 Library 1369 13.1%
2019 Open data software provider 1324 11%
2020 Open data software provider 1310 11.8%
2021 Colleague 1266 12.1%
2020 Library 1263 11.4%
2017 Colleague 1224 21.6%
2021 Research office/In-house institutional expertise 1223 11.7%
2017 Research office/In-house institutional expertise 1190 21%
2017 Web-search 1047 18.5%
2016 Colleague 990 25.3%
2021 Web-search 957 9.2%
2017 Publisher 930 16.4%
2016 Web-search 908 23.2%
2021 Open data software provider 863 8.3%
2021 Funder 845 8.1%
2016 Research office/In-house institutional expertise 805 20.6%
2020 Professional 3rd party 772 6.9%
2019 Professional 3rd party 707 5.9%
2017 Library 690 12.2%
2018 Web-search 650 21.5%
2016 Publisher 641 16.4%
2018 Colleague 557 18.4%
2017 Open data software provider 530 9.3%
2016 Open data software provider 525 13.4%
2019 I would not require help making my data openly available 518 4.3%
2018 Publisher 509 16.9%
2018 Library 428 14.2%
2018 Open data software provider 421 13.9%
2018 Research office/In-house institutional expertise 421 13.9%
2021 Professional 3rd party 365 3.5%
2021 I would not require help making my data openly available 352 3.4%
2020 I would not require help making my data openly available 301 2.7%
2019 Other 156 1.3%
2021 Other 105 1%
2020 Other 99 0.9%
2017 Other 63 1.1%
2016 Other 42 1.1%
2018 Other 33 1.1%

Q3.8 How, if at all, do you monitor the use of data that you share publicly? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q3.8 n Pct
2021 Citations 2274 38.2%
2021 Downloads 1460 24.5%
2021 I do not monitor the use of my data 1223 20.5%
2021 Altmetrics 562 9.4%
2021 Resolutions (i.e. frequency with which a unique identifier is clicked) 339 5.7%
2021 Other (please specify) 96 1.6%

Q3.9 To what extent are you comfortable with others using your data for the following?: Q3.9_1 Replication studies (use of your data as a reference to determine whether they can be repeated under similar conditions)

Survey Q3.9_1 n Pct
2021 Extremely comfortable 2291 51%
2021 Somewhat comfortable 1200 26.7%
2021 Neutral 645 14.4%
2021 Somewhat uncomfortable 167 3.7%
2021 I don’t know 109 2.4%
2021 Extremely uncomfortable 79 1.8%

Q3.9_2 Reanalysis (using a different method to analyse your data set)

Survey Q3.9_2 n Pct
2021 Extremely comfortable 2124 47.3%
2021 Somewhat comfortable 1306 29.1%
2021 Neutral 718 16%
2021 Somewhat uncomfortable 169 3.8%
2021 I don’t know 99 2.2%
2021 Extremely uncomfortable 75 1.7%

Q3.9_3 Reinterpretation (using your data as is to answer another question)

Survey Q3.9_3 n Pct
2021 Extremely comfortable 2085 46.4%
2021 Somewhat comfortable 1270 28.3%
2021 Neutral 715 15.9%
2021 Somewhat uncomfortable 236 5.3%
2021 Extremely uncomfortable 93 2.1%
2021 I don’t know 92 2%

Q3.9_4 Isolated reuse (reanalysing your data to answer a new question)

Survey Q3.9_4 n Pct
2021 Extremely comfortable 2083 46.4%
2021 Somewhat comfortable 1227 27.3%
2021 Neutral 779 17.3%
2021 Somewhat uncomfortable 207 4.6%
2021 Extremely uncomfortable 99 2.2%
2021 I don’t know 96 2.1%

Q3.9_5 Combination reuse (reanalysing your data in combination with other data sets to answer a new question)

Survey Q3.9_5 n Pct
2021 Extremely comfortable 2194 48.9%
2021 Somewhat comfortable 1258 28%
2021 Neutral 710 15.8%
2021 Somewhat uncomfortable 144 3.2%
2021 I don’t know 100 2.2%
2021 Extremely uncomfortable 85 1.9%

Q3.10 What problems/concerns, if any, do you have with sharing datasets? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q3.10 n Pct
2019 Concerns about misuse of data 2082 11.7%
2021 Concerns about misuse of data 1920 11.3%
2020 Concerns about misuse of data 1881 11.7%
2019 Unsure about copyright licensing 1858 10.5%
2019 Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement 1834 10.3%
2021 Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement 1739 10.2%
2021 Unsure about copyright licensing 1585 9.3%
2020 Contain sensitive information 1535 9.5%
2020 Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement 1531 9.5%
2019 Costs of sharing data 1497 8.4%
2020 Unsure about copyright licensing 1479 9.2%
2019 Unsure I have the permission to share 1454 8.2%
2019 Organising data in a presentable and useful way 1434 8.1%
2019 Lack of time to deposit data 1389 7.8%
2021 Contain sensitive information 1366 8%
2020 Unsure I have the permission to share 1291 8%
2019 Contain sensitive information 1274 7.2%
2020 Costs of sharing data 1192 7.4%
2021 Organising data in a presentable and usable way 1150 6.7%
2021 Costs of sharing data 1147 6.7%
2020 Organising data in a presentable and usable way 1137 7%
2019 Not know what repository to use 1124 6.3%
2021 Unsure I have the permission to share 1110 6.5%
2020 Lack of time to deposit data 984 6.1%
2021 I’m not sure I’ve exhausted all the potential findings yet 971 5.7%
2021 Lack of time to deposit data 942 5.5%
2021 Another lab may ‘scoop’ me to a discovery 918 5.4%
2020 I’m not sure I’ve exhausted all the potential findings yet 881 5.5%
2020 Not know what repository to use 861 5.3%
2021 Not know what repository to use 713 4.2%
2020 Another lab may make a different interpretation of my data 694 4.3%
2019 Another lab may make a different interpretation of my data 678 3.8%
2019 Data are too large to share 674 3.8%
2019 I have no problems/concerns about sharing data 661 3.7%
2021 Data are too large to share 630 3.7%
2019 Data are too small or unimportant 626 3.5%
2021 I have no problems/concerns about sharing data 600 3.5%
2020 I have no problems/concerns about sharing data 589 3.7%
2021 Another lab may make a different interpretation of my data 581 3.4%
2020 Data are too large to share 571 3.5%
2021 Data are too small or unimportant 550 3.2%
2018 Concerns about misuse of data 518 12%
2020 Data are too small or unimportant 513 3.2%
2018 Unsure about copyright licensing 508 11.8%
2018 Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement 478 11.1%
2018 Unsure I have the permission to share 458 10.6%
2018 Organising data in a presentable and useful way 456 10.6%
2018 Contain sensitive information 416 9.7%
2019 Others may find errors in my data 416 2.3%
2019 Others may not be able to repeat my findings 409 2.3%
2021 Others may not be able to repeat my findings 402 2.4%
2021 Others may find errors in my data 387 2.3%
2020 Others may find errors in my data 386 2.4%
2020 Others may not be able to repeat my findings 379 2.3%
2018 Not know what repository to use 333 7.7%
2018 Lack of time to deposit data 300 7%
2018 Costs of sharing data 274 6.4%
2018 Data are too small or unimportant 245 5.7%
2019 Other (please specify) 224 1.3%
2018 Data are too large to share 191 4.4%
2021 I have no desire to share my data 177 1%
2021 Other (please specify) 151 0.9%
2019 I have no desire to share my data 145 0.8%
2020 Other (please specify) 131 0.8%
2018 Other (please specify) 100 2.3%
2020 I have no desire to share my data 97 0.6%
2018 I have no desire to share my data 28 0.7%

Q3.11 Have you ever been involved in a collaboration as a result of data you have previously shared?

Survey Q3.11 n Pct
2021 No 2318 57.1%
2021 Yes 1420 35%
2021 I don’t know 318 7.8%

Q52 Have you ever been ‘scooped’ (i.e. have another lab publish an result similar to your own before you do) as a result of data you have previously shared?

Survey Q52 n Pct
2021 No 2577 63.5%
2021 I don’t know 787 19.4%
2021 Yes 692 17.1%

Q3.12 What areas, if any, do you feel you need help with in regard to making your research data openly available? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q3.12 n Pct
2019 Copyright/Licensing of data 2976 20.5%
2019 Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data 2616 18%
2020 Copyright / licensing of data 2591 19.6%
2021 Copyright/Licensing of data 2486 20.5%
2019 Data management policies 2362 16.3%
2020 Data management policies 2165 16.4%
2020 Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data 2147 16.3%
2019 Curation of data 2083 14.4%
2021 Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data 2076 17.1%
2020 Finding the time to manage my data 2072 15.7%
2019 Finding the time to manage my data 1985 13.7%
2021 Data management policies 1932 15.9%
2020 Data Management Plans 1921 14.6%
2021 Finding the time to manage my data 1863 15.3%
2020 Curation of data 1757 13.3%
2019 Data Management Plans 1704 11.8%
2021 Data Management Plans 1609 13.2%
2021 Curation of data 1601 13.2%
2018 Copyright/Licensing of data 672 24.5%
2019 None of the above 563 3.9%
2018 Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data 518 18.9%
2018 Curation of data 473 17.2%
2018 Data management policies 471 17.2%
2018 Data Management Plans 445 16.2%
2021 None of the above 436 3.6%
2020 None of the above 423 3.2%
2019 Other (please specify) 212 1.5%
2021 Other (please specify) 151 1.2%
2020 Other (please specify) 122 0.9%
2018 None of the above 118 4.3%
2018 Other (please specify) 48 1.7%

Q3.13 Would you like more guidance on how to comply with the policies of any of the below on making your research data openly available? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q3.13 n Pct
2021 Institution 2583 30.4%
2021 Funder 1838 21.7%
2021 Department or faculty 1569 18.5%
2021 Government 1488 17.5%
2021 None of the above 1008 11.9%

Data reuse practices

Q4.1 About your usage of other data sources, Since January 2020, have you reused any of the below as part of your research?: (Please select all that apply) [Note: by ‘reuse’ we mean undertaking new analysis of a pre-existing data set, either on its own or to add to another data set, to answer a different research question to that which the collection of data was originally intended]

Survey Q4.1 n Pct
2019 NA 11400 66.7%
2020 0 8468 57.1%
2021 0 8048 59.7%
2017 NA 6715 69.7%
2016 NA 3610 66.9%
2019 0 3014 17.6%
2018 NA 2973 68.5%
2020 Your own data 2868 19.3%
2019 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 2686 15.7%
2021 Your own data 2265 16.8%
2020 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 2161 14.6%
2021 Neither of the above 1605 11.9%
2021 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 1555 11.5%
2017 0 1528 15.9%
2017 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 1393 14.5%
2020 Neither of the above 1338 9%
2016 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 1016 18.8%
2016 0 771 14.3%
2018 0 724 16.7%
2018 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 641 14.8%

Q4.2 To what extent has the COVID-19 pandemic affected your reuse of data? Q4.2_1 Your own data (1)

Survey Q4.2_1 n Pct
2021 My reuse of data has not changed since the onset of the pandemic 1365 60.6%
2021 I have reused it somewhat more since the onset of the pandemic 370 16.4%
2021 I have reused it a lot more since the onset of the pandemic 314 13.9%
2021 I have reused it somewhat less since the onset of the pandemic 107 4.7%
2021 I have reused it a lot less since the onset of the pandemic 97 4.3%

Q4.2_2 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups (2)

Survey Q4.2_2 n Pct
2021 My reuse of data has not changed since the onset of the pandemic 849 55.4%
2021 I have reused it somewhat more since the onset of the pandemic 286 18.7%
2021 I have reused it a lot more since the onset of the pandemic 244 15.9%
2021 I have reused it somewhat less since the onset of the pandemic 85 5.5%
2021 I have reused it a lot less since the onset of the pandemic 69 4.5%

Q4.3 How do you think the data shared by others has or could benefit you? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q4.3 n Pct
2019 Validates own findings 3972 27.3%
2019 Complement existing data collected 3511 24.1%
2019 Avoids duplication of effort 3487 24%
2020 Validates own findings 3333 26.3%
2020 Complement existing data collected 3084 24.4%
2019 Fosters collaboration 3035 20.9%
2020 Avoids duplication of effort 3008 23.8%
2021 Validates own findings 2871 26.2%
2020 Fosters collaboration 2813 22.2%
2021 Complement existing data collected 2599 23.8%
2021 Fosters collaboration 2578 23.6%
2021 Avoids duplication of effort 2436 22.3%
2017 Validates own findings 1766 26.4%
2017 Avoids duplication of effort 1716 25.6%
2017 Complement existing data collected 1676 25%
2017 Fosters collaboration 1305 19.5%
2018 Validates own findings 907 26.1%
2018 Complement existing data collected 881 25.4%
2018 Avoids duplication of effort 847 24.4%
2018 Fosters collaboration 731 21%
2019 It has not or would not benefit me 307 2.1%
2021 It has not or would not benefit me 295 2.7%
2019 Other (please specify) 240 1.6%
2020 It has not or would not benefit me 220 1.7%
2020 Other (please specify) 204 1.6%
2017 Other (please specify) 162 2.4%
2021 Other (please specify) 160 1.5%
2018 Other (please specify) 78 2.2%
2017 It has not or would not benefit me 72 1.1%
2018 It has not or would not benefit me 30 0.9%

Q4.4 Where have you previously obtained research data which has been collected by other research groups, for your own reuse? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q4.4 n Pct
2021 Downloaded directly from a data repository 925 28.3%
2021 Data were available within a published research article 817 25%
2021 Data were linked from a published data article 740 22.7%
2021 Directly from the researcher who collected the data (e.g. via email) 569 17.4%
2021 Data were available from a blog post 151 4.6%
2021 Other (please specify) 63 1.9%

Q4.5 What was your aim in using previously generated data? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q4.5 n Pct
2021 Combination reuse (reanalysing the data in combination with other data sets to answer a new question) 1397 25.3%
2021 Reinterpretation (using the data as is to answer another question) 1186 21.5%
2021 Reanalysis (analysing the data set using a different method to test the same research question) 1138 20.6%
2021 Isolated reuse (reanalysing the data to answer a new question) 965 17.5%
2021 Replication studies (use of the data as a reference to determine whether they can be repeated under similar conditions) 708 12.8%
2021 Other (please specify) 131 2.4%

Q4.6 How would you rate the importance of each of the following with reference to determining the quality of an openly accessible data set? Extremely important (1) Somewhat important (2) Moderately important (3) Slightly important (4) Not at all important (5) I don’t know (6)

Q4.6_1 The data are available from a publicly available repository (1)

Survey Q4.6_1 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 2294 52.7%
2021 Somewhat important 1279 29.4%
2021 Moderately important 514 11.8%
2021 Slightly important 151 3.5%
2021 Not at all important 111 2.6%

Q4.6_2 The data are new (e.g. released within the last year) (2)

Survey Q4.6_2 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1310 30.2%
2021 Somewhat important 1273 29.3%
2021 Moderately important 884 20.4%
2021 Not at all important 540 12.4%
2021 Slightly important 331 7.6%

Q4.6_3 The data can be viewed, downloaded and edited on an application I have available (3)

Survey Q4.6_3 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1923 44.6%
2021 Somewhat important 1327 30.8%
2021 Moderately important 662 15.4%
2021 Slightly important 215 5%
2021 Not at all important 183 4.2%

Q4.6_4 The data come from a known source (e.g. familiar institution or academic) (4)

Survey Q4.6_4 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 2096 47.9%
2021 Somewhat important 1283 29.3%
2021 Moderately important 659 15%
2021 Slightly important 216 4.9%
2021 Not at all important 125 2.9%

Q4.6_5 The data are in a repository that I know checks/curates the data (5)

Survey Q4.6_5 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1887 43.8%
2021 Somewhat important 1365 31.7%
2021 Moderately important 713 16.5%
2021 Slightly important 199 4.6%
2021 Not at all important 145 3.4%

Q4.6_6 The data are associated with a peer review article (6)

Survey Q4.6_6 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1905 43.7%
2021 Somewhat important 1306 29.9%
2021 Moderately important 715 16.4%
2021 Slightly important 240 5.5%
2021 Not at all important 195 4.5%

Q4.6_7 Data visualizations (e.g. figures, charts) reflect the true state of the source data (7)

Survey Q4.6_7 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1774 41.3%
2021 Somewhat important 1280 29.8%
2021 Moderately important 713 16.6%
2021 Slightly important 292 6.8%
2021 Not at all important 232 5.4%

Q4.6_8 Data is consistent with previously published findings (8)

Survey Q4.6_8 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1423 33.1%
2021 Somewhat important 1239 28.8%
2021 Moderately important 870 20.2%
2021 Not at all important 437 10.2%
2021 Slightly important 334 7.8%

Q4.6_9 Data are presented in a clear and understandable way (data layout, content and format etc.) (9)

Survey Q4.6_9 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 2521 57.5%
2021 Somewhat important 1223 27.9%
2021 Moderately important 441 10.1%
2021 Slightly important 139 3.2%
2021 Not at all important 58 1.3%

Q4.6_10 The data set is complete for my needs (10)

Survey Q4.6_10 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1797 41.4%
2021 Somewhat important 1385 31.9%
2021 Moderately important 774 17.8%
2021 Slightly important 232 5.3%
2021 Not at all important 149 3.4%

Q4.6_11 Data have clear descriptions, classifications and coding (i.e. data are accompanied with sufficient context) (11)

Survey Q4.6_11 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 2675 61.1%
2021 Somewhat important 1107 25.3%
2021 Moderately important 441 10.1%
2021 Slightly important 99 2.3%
2021 Not at all important 57 1.3%

Q4.6_12 The data have been highly used, i.e. they have high usage metrics (e.g. citations, downloads, views etc.) (12)

Survey Q4.6_12 n Pct
2021 Moderately important 1041 24.1%
2021 Somewhat important 1040 24.1%
2021 Extremely important 1036 24%
2021 Not at all important 704 16.3%
2021 Slightly important 503 11.6%

Q4.7 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Strongly agree (1) Somewhat agree (2) Neutral (3) Somewhat disagree (4) Strongly disagree (5) Q4.7_1 Data that are ‘easy’ to find and access improves my perception of its quality (1)

Survey Q4.7_1 n Pct
2021 Somewhat agree 1571 35%
2021 Strongly agree 1497 33.3%
2021 Neutral 1064 23.7%
2021 Somewhat disagree 235 5.2%
2021 Strongly disagree 124 2.8%

Q4.7_2 Shared data add to the credibility of a research article (2)

Survey Q4.7_2 n Pct
2021 Strongly agree 2047 45.6%
2021 Somewhat agree 1522 33.9%
2021 Neutral 719 16%
2021 Somewhat disagree 120 2.7%
2021 Strongly disagree 83 1.8%

Q4.8 We would now like to ask you to think about the last occasion on which you tried to get access to a data set produced by another research group. Please answer the following questions with this experience in mind. Were you able to get access to the data set?

Survey Q4.8 n Pct
2021 Yes, part of the data set 687 44.2%
2021 Yes, the complete data set 622 40%
2021 No, I was unable to access the data set 246 15.8%

Q4.9 How did you gain access to the data set?

Survey Q4.9 n Pct
2021 A published research article 375 28.6%
2021 Direct from the research group/authors 299 22.8%
2021 Web-search 271 20.7%
2021 A published data article 195 14.9%
2021 Through a third-party 89 6.8%
2021 Other (please specify) 65 5%
2021 Blog 15 1.1%

Q4.10 What was included in the data set?

Survey Q4.10 n Pct
2021 Data file outputs 702 23.6%
2021 Metadata about the data 599 20.1%
2021 A README file 393 13.2%
2021 License under which the data could be used 371 12.5%
2021 Additional annotations of the data file 363 12.2%
2021 Code 227 7.6%
2021 Software requirements 211 7.1%
2021 None of the above 110 3.7%

Q4.11 Were you able to reuse the dataset for your intended purpose?

Survey Q4.11 n Pct
2021 Yes 1201 91.7%
2021 No 108 8.3%

Q4.12 Why were you unable to reuse the dataset for your intended purpose?

Survey Q4.12 n Pct
2021 The data were not suitable for my intended use 45 28.3%
2021 Technical issues (e.g. could not get access to necessary software) 33 20.8%
2021 It was not annotated sufficiently for understanding 32 20.1%
2021 I could not validate the quality of the data 22 13.8%
2021 The license didn’t permit reuse/could not get reuse permission 14 8.8%
2021 Other (please specify) 13 8.2%

Credit and recognition for data sharing

Q5.1 Do you think researchers currently get sufficient credit for sharing data?

Survey Q5.1 n Pct
2019 No, they receive too little credit 3818 67%
2020 No, they receive too little credit 2935 59.4%
2021 No, they receive too little credit 2512 75.5%
2020 I don’t know 1104 22.3%
2019 I don’t know 993 17.4%
2018 No 753 58%
2019 Yes 640 11.2%
2020 Yes 633 12.8%
2021 Yes 605 18.2%
2018 Not sure 427 32.9%
2020 No, they receive too much credit 273 5.5%
2019 No, they receive too much credit 249 4.4%
2021 No, they receive too much credit 208 6.3%
2018 Yes 119 9.2%

Q5.2 What circumstances would motivate you to share your data?

Survey Q5.2 n Pct
2019 Increased impact and visibility of my research 3565 13.6%
2019 Public benefit 3431 13%
2020 Full data citation 3348 10.5%
2020 Increased impact and visibility of my research 3126 9.8%
2019 Getting proper credit for sharing data 3091 11.8%
2020 Co-authorship on papers 2957 9.3%
2020 Public benefit 2947 9.2%
2019 Journal or Publisher requirement 2931 11.1%
2020 Journal or Publisher requirement 2915 9.1%
2021 Citation of my research papers 2751 10.9%
2019 Transparency and re-use 2743 10.4%
2019 Funder requirement 2693 10.2%
2020 Transparency and re-use 2616 8.2%
2019 Institution or Organisation requirement 2527 9.6%
2020 Funder requirement 2524 7.9%
2021 Increased impact and visibility of my research 2406 9.5%
2020 Institution or Organisation requirement 2222 7%
2021 Full data citation 2189 8.6%
2021 Journal or Publisher requirement 2111 8.3%
2021 Public benefit 2056 8.1%
2019 It was made simple and easy to do 2055 7.8%
2021 Transparency and re-use 1932 7.6%
2021 Co-authorship on papers 1928 7.6%
2020 Consideration in job reviews and funding applications 1913 6%
2020 Direct request from another research 1830 5.7%
2019 Freedom of information request 1750 6.7%
2021 Institution or Organisation requirement 1670 6.6%
2021 Funder requirement 1653 6.5%
2020 Freedom of information request 1577 4.9%
2020 Financial reward 1522 4.8%
2020 It was made simple and easy to do 1357 4.3%
2017 Increased impact and visibility of my research 1272 16.6%
2021 Direct request from another research 1270 5%
2019 It was a field/industry expectation 1240 4.7%
2017 Public benefit 1199 15.7%
2021 Consideration in job reviews and funding applications 1073 4.2%
2021 It was made simple and easy to do 1048 4.1%
2021 Freedom of information request 975 3.9%
2017 Journal or Publisher requirement 913 11.9%
2020 It was a field/industry expectation 884 2.8%
2017 Transparency and re-use 880 11.5%
2018 Increased impact and visibility of my research 841 15.6%
2021 Financial reward 828 3.3%
2018 Public benefit 802 14.8%
2017 Getting proper credit for sharing data 776 10.1%
2017 Institution or Organisation requirement 695 9.1%
2017 Funder requirement 689 9%
2018 Transparency and re-use 652 12.1%
2021 Open data badge 641 2.5%
2018 Getting proper credit for sharing data 621 11.5%
2021 It was a field/industry expectation 601 2.4%
2018 Journal or Publisher requirement 599 11.1%
2017 It was made simple and easy to do 569 7.4%
2018 Institution or Organisation requirement 522 9.7%
2017 Freedom of information request 514 6.7%
2018 It was made simple and easy to do 485 9%
2018 Funder requirement 453 8.4%
2018 Freedom of information request 352 6.5%
2019 Other (please specify) 188 0.7%
2021 Other (please specify) 119 0.5%
2020 Other (please specify) 111 0.3%
2017 Other (please specify) 107 1.4%
2019 I would never share my data 84 0.3%
2018 Other (please specify) 63 1.2%
2021 I would never share my data 60 0.2%
2020 I would never share my data 58 0.2%
2017 I would never share my data 47 0.6%
2018 I would never share my data 17 0.3%

Q5.3 Which one of the circumstances would motivate you the most to share your data?

Survey Q5.3 n Pct
2019 Increased impact and visibility of my research 1110 19.5%
2019 Public benefit 1035 18.2%
2020 Co-authorship on papers 1023 20.9%
2021 Citation of my research papers 870 19.4%
2020 Full data citation 853 17.5%
2019 Getting proper credit for sharing data 671 11.8%
2021 Co-authorship on papers 647 14.4%
2020 Public benefit 634 13%
2020 Increased impact and visibility of my research 618 12.6%
2019 Journal or Publisher requirement 529 9.3%
2021 Increased impact and visibility of my research 504 11.2%
2021 Public benefit 487 10.8%
2021 Full data citation 446 9.9%
2019 Transparency and re-use 427 7.5%
2019 Funder requirement 422 7.4%
2019 Trust the person requesting the data 410 7.2%
2017 Increased impact and visibility of my research 385 23.9%
2017 Public benefit 344 21.3%
2019 It was made simple and easy to do 324 5.7%
2019 Institution or Organisation requirement 307 5.4%
2020 Journal or Publisher requirement 303 6.2%
2018 Increased impact and visibility of my research 266 23%
2020 Transparency and re-use 258 5.3%
2020 Financial reward 257 5.3%
2021 Transparency and re-use 250 5.6%
2021 Journal or Publisher requirement 248 5.5%
2018 Public benefit 238 20.5%
2020 Funder requirement 230 4.7%
2020 Consideration in job reviews and funding applications 193 3.9%
2019 Freedom of information request 185 3.2%
2021 Funder requirement 178 4%
2017 Transparency and re-use 170 10.5%
2020 Institution or Organisation requirement 160 3.3%
2021 Financial reward 141 3.1%
2018 Transparency and re-use 136 11.7%
2017 Journal or Publisher requirement 134 8.3%
2021 Direct request from another research 133 3%
2017 Getting proper credit for sharing data 123 7.6%
2018 Journal or Publisher requirement 118 10.2%
2019 It was a field/industry expectation 117 2.1%
2017 Funder requirement 115 7.1%
2021 Consideration in job reviews and funding applications 114 2.5%
2017 Trust the person requesting my data 113 7%
2020 Direct request from another research 106 2.2%
2021 Institution or Organisation requirement 104 2.3%
2021 It was made simple and easy to do 99 2.2%
2020 It was made simple and easy to do 97 2%
2018 Getting proper credit for sharing data 94 8.1%
2019 I would never share my data 84 1.5%
2017 It was made simple and easy to do 83 5.1%
2019 Other (please specify) 79 1.4%
2021 Other (please specify) 79 1.8%
2018 Trust the person requesting my data 76 6.6%
2017 Institution or Organisation requirement 70 4.3%
2018 Funder requirement 69 6%
2020 Freedom of information request 63 1.3%
2021 Freedom of information request 62 1.4%
2020 Other (please specify) 60 1.2%
2021 I would never share my data 60 1.3%
2018 It was made simple and easy to do 57 4.9%
2018 Institution or Organisation requirement 55 4.7%
2017 Freedom of information request 45 2.8%
2021 It was a field/industry expectation 36 0.8%
2021 Open data badge 33 0.7%
2020 It was a field/industry expectation 32 0.7%
2017 Other (please specify) 30 1.9%
2018 Freedom of information request 28 2.4%
2018 Other (please specify) 22 1.9%

Q5.4 If the reuse of your data in a subsequent paper resulted in you being credited as a co-author, how much would this motivate you to make your data openly available to others?

Survey Q5.4 n Pct
2019 A great deal 2086 36.6%
2020 A great deal 1820 36.8%
2019 A lot 1730 30.4%
2021 A great deal 1701 37.9%
2020 A lot 1513 30.6%
2021 A lot 1316 29.3%
2019 A moderate amount 1036 18.2%
2020 A moderate amount 1027 20.8%
2021 A moderate amount 894 19.9%
2017 Quite a lot 881 33%
2016 Quite a lot 621 36.7%
2017 Neutral 590 22.1%
2017 Very much 587 22%
2016 Very much 542 32%
2018 Quite a lot 466 35.9%
2019 None at all 443 7.8%
2017 Somewhat 418 15.7%
2019 A little 405 7.1%
2018 Very much 317 24.4%
2016 Neutral 309 18.3%
2021 None at all 298 6.6%
2020 None at all 297 6%
2020 A little 288 5.8%
2021 A little 282 6.3%
2018 Neutral 234 18%
2018 Somewhat 204 15.7%
2017 Not at all 192 7.2%
2016 Somewhat 139 8.2%
2016 Not at all 82 4.8%
2018 Not at all 78 6%

Q5.5 Have you ever received credit/acknowledgement for sharing data?

Survey Q5.5 n Pct
2019 No 3388 59.4%
2020 No 2726 55.1%
2020 Yes 1444 29.2%
2019 Yes 1222 21.4%
2019 I don’t know 1090 19.1%
2020 I don’t know 775 15.7%
2021 No 281 64.6%
2021 I don’t know 98 22.5%
2021 Yes 56 12.9%

Q5.6 What recognition have you received for sharing your research data?

Survey Q5.6 n Pct
2020 I don’t know 1834 28.9%
2021 Full citation in another article 1744 29%
2020 Full citation in another article 1661 26.2%
2021 I don’t know 1660 27.6%
2020 Co-authorship on a paper which used my data 1290 20.4%
2021 Co-authorship on a paper which used my data 1142 19%
2019 Full citation in another article 815 47.5%
2020 Consideration of actions in a grant application 504 8%
2020 Other (please specify) 440 6.9%
2019 Co-authorship on a paper which used my data 429 25%
2020 Consideration of actions in a job review 381 6%
2021 Consideration of actions in a grant application 362 6%
2021 Other (please specify) 339 5.6%
2021 Consideration of actions in a job review 307 5.1%
2021 Financial reward 301 5%
2020 Financial reward 228 3.6%
2019 Other (please specify) 175 10.2%
2021 Open data badge 155 2.6%
2019 Consideration of actions in a job review 97 5.7%
2019 Consideration of actions in a grant application 95 5.5%
2019 Financial reward 73 4.3%
2019 I don’t know 31 1.8%

Q5.7 How supportive would you be of a national mandate for making research data openly available?

Survey Q5.7 n Pct
2019 Strongly support 2748 48.2%
2020 Strongly support 2178 44%
2021 Strongly support 1852 41.2%
2019 Somewhat support 1713 30.1%
2020 Somewhat support 1527 30.9%
2021 Somewhat support 1427 31.8%
2016 Strongly support 929 51.6%
2020 Neutral 849 17.2%
2021 Neutral 822 18.3%
2017 Neutral 766 31.8%
2017 Strongly support 709 29.4%
2019 Neutral 661 11.6%
2017 Somewhat support 616 25.5%
2016 Somewhat support 470 26.1%
2018 Strongly support 376 31.4%
2018 Somewhat support 371 31%
2019 Somewhat oppose 370 6.5%
2018 Neutral 304 25.4%
2016 Neutral 257 14.3%
2020 Somewhat oppose 257 5.2%
2021 Somewhat oppose 219 4.9%
2019 Strongly oppose 208 3.6%
2017 Somewhat oppose 193 8%
2021 Strongly oppose 171 3.8%
2020 Strongly oppose 134 2.7%
2017 Strongly oppose 127 5.3%
2016 Somewhat oppose 100 5.6%
2018 Somewhat oppose 77 6.4%
2018 Strongly oppose 68 5.7%
2016 Strongly oppose 43 2.4%

Q5.8 Should funders withhold funding from (or penalise in other ways) researchers who do not share their data if the funder has mandated that they do so at the grant application stage?

Survey Q5.8 n Pct
2019 Yes 3947 69.2%
2020 Yes 2616 52.9%
2021 Yes 2142 47.7%
2020 I don’t know 1260 25.5%
2021 I don’t know 1208 26.9%
2021 No 1141 25.4%
2020 No 1069 21.6%
2019 No 950 16.7%
2019 I don’t know 803 14.1%

Q5.9 Should funders make the sharing of research data part of their requirements for awarding grants?

Survey Q5.9 n Pct
2019 Yes 3907 68.5%
2020 Yes 2716 54.9%
2021 Yes 2322 52.1%
2019 No 1264 22.2%
2020 I don’t know 1263 25.5%
2021 No 1138 25.6%
2021 I don’t know 994 22.3%
2020 No 966 19.5%
2019 I don’t know 529 9.3%

Demographics

Q6.1 About you

Survey Q6.1 n Pct
2019 University 3572 62.7%
2020 University 2911 58.9%
2021 University 2638 58.9%
2017 University 1453 62.5%
2019 Research institution 801 14.1%
2020 Research institution 742 15%
2018 University 710 62.2%
2021 Research institution 635 14.2%
2020 Medical school 331 6.7%
2019 Private company 323 5.7%
2020 Hospital 318 6.4%
2017 Research institution 316 13.6%
2021 Medical school 305 6.8%
2019 Medical school 286 5%
2020 Private company 254 5.1%
2019 Government/Local government 251 4.4%
2021 Private company 248 5.5%
2021 Other (please specify) 242 5.4%
2019 Hospital 238 4.2%
2019 Other (please specify) 229 4%
2021 Hospital 228 5.1%
2020 Other (please specify) 203 4.1%
2020 Government/Local government 186 3.8%
2021 Government/Local government 186 4.1%
2018 Research institution 166 14.5%
2017 Hospital 116 5%
2017 Government/Local government 113 4.9%
2017 Private company 113 4.9%
2017 Other (please specify) 108 4.6%
2017 Medical school 105 4.5%
2018 Other (please specify) 74 6.5%
2018 Private company 60 5.3%
2018 Government/Local government 48 4.2%
2018 Medical school 46 4%
2018 Hospital 37 3.2%

Q6.4 What is your current tenure status?

Survey Q6.4 n Pct
2019 Tenured 2462 43.7%
2021 Tenured 1941 43.6%
2020 Tenured 1336 46.1%
2019 No tenure system at my institution/organisation 1304 23.1%
2019 Not on tenure track 949 16.8%
2021 No tenure system at my institution/organisation 910 20.4%
2021 Not on tenure track 871 19.5%
2020 Not on tenure track 575 19.9%
2019 No tenure system for my faculty status 516 9.2%
2020 No tenure system at my institution/organisation 443 15.3%
2021 No tenure system for my faculty status 403 9%
2019 On tenure track but not tenured 402 7.1%
2021 On tenure track but not tenured 331 7.4%
2020 No tenure system for my faculty status 286 9.9%
2020 On tenure track but not tenured 256 8.8%

Q6.5 Which country are you located in?

Survey Q6.5 n Pct
2019 United States 886 15.9%
2021 United States 644 14.7%
2020 India 576 12%
2020 United States 573 12%
2021 India 502 11.5%
2017 United States 478 19.6%
2019 India 445 8%
2016 United States 342 23.9%
2020 Japan 293 6.1%
2019 Germany 275 4.9%
2021 Japan 268 6.1%
2021 Germany 250 5.7%
2019 United Kingdom 239 4.3%
2019 Italy 238 4.3%
2020 China (Mainland) 228 4.8%
2018 United States 222 18.9%
2020 Germany 222 4.6%
2020 Italy 204 4.3%
2021 United Kingdom 197 4.5%
2021 Italy 191 4.4%
2017 India 190 7.8%
2019 Canada 186 3.3%
2019 China 181 3.2%
2020 Brazil 175 3.7%
2019 Brazil 173 3.1%
2020 United Kingdom 164 3.4%
2019 Spain 155 2.8%
2016 United Kingdom 141 9.9%
2019 Australia 127 2.3%
2017 Brazil 125 5.1%
2017 China 125 5.1%
2021 China (Mainland) 121 2.8%
2019 Russia 115 2.1%
2021 Brazil 115 2.6%
2017 Australia 113 4.6%
2020 Canada 112 2.3%
2019 Iran 105 1.9%
2020 Russia 105 2.2%
2020 Nigeria 102 2.1%
2017 United Kingdom 100 4.1%
2019 France 100 1.8%
2019 Japan 100 1.8%
2019 Egypt 99 1.8%
2021 Australia 97 2.2%
2020 Spain 96 2%
2021 Spain 96 2.2%
2016 India 92 6.4%
2019 Netherlands 92 1.6%
2019 Mexico 91 1.6%
2018 India 90 7.7%
2021 Canada 90 2.1%
2017 Canada 85 3.5%
2019 Pakistan 85 1.5%
2019 Nigeria 84 1.5%
2019 Turkey 83 1.5%
2016 Germany 82 5.7%
2017 Spain 81 3.3%
2020 Australia 80 1.7%
2018 United Kingdom 78 6.6%
2019 Portugal 76 1.4%
2020 Mexico 76 1.6%
2019 Sweden 73 1.3%
2020 Netherlands 73 1.5%
2021 Nigeria 71 1.6%
2017 Germany 70 2.9%
2019 Poland 69 1.2%
2020 Indonesia 69 1.4%
2021 Mexico 66 1.5%
2020 Egypt 65 1.4%
2020 Turkey 65 1.4%
2021 Poland 65 1.5%
2020 Ethiopia 62 1.3%
2020 Pakistan 62 1.3%
2017 Iran 61 2.5%
2017 Mexico 61 2.5%
2019 Israel 61 1.1%
2019 Switzerland 61 1.1%
2016 Italy 60 4.2%
2017 Russia 60 2.5%
2021 Turkey 60 1.4%
2018 Germany 59 5%
2021 Pakistan 59 1.3%
2021 France 57 1.3%
2020 France 55 1.1%
2021 Russia 55 1.3%
2019 Ethiopia 54 1%
2020 Romania 54 1.1%
2019 Austria 53 0.9%
2021 Portugal 53 1.2%
2016 Canada 52 3.6%
2020 Poland 52 1.1%
2021 Greece 52 1.2%
2021 South Africa 52 1.2%
2016 Brazil 51 3.6%
2020 Argentina 51 1.1%
2019 South Korea 50 0.9%
2020 Portugal 50 1%
2018 Italy 49 4.2%
2019 Greece 48 0.9%
2018 Spain 46 3.9%
2020 Malaysia 46 1%
2016 China 45 3.1%
2020 Greece 45 0.9%
2020 Switzerland 44 0.9%
2018 Brazil 43 3.7%
2021 Ethiopia 43 1%
2021 Malaysia 43 1%
2016 Spain 42 2.9%
2019 Malaysia 42 0.8%
2019 Romania 42 0.8%
2021 Egypt 42 1%
2021 Netherlands 42 1%
2016 Japan 41 2.9%
2019 Argentina 41 0.7%
2019 South Africa 41 0.7%
2018 Canada 40 3.4%
2020 South Africa 40 0.8%
2019 Norway 39 0.7%
2021 Switzerland 39 0.9%
2016 Australia 38 2.7%
2017 Argentina 38 1.6%
2020 Sweden 38 0.8%
2021 Romania 38 0.9%
2018 Australia 37 3.1%
2016 France 36 2.5%
2019 Colombia 36 0.6%
2019 Denmark 36 0.6%
2019 Indonesia 36 0.6%
2020 Norway 36 0.8%
2019 Belgium 35 0.6%
2021 Sweden 35 0.8%
2019 Czech Republic 34 0.6%
2020 Austria 34 0.7%
2021 Argentina 34 0.8%
2021 Indonesia 34 0.8%
2017 Italy 33 1.4%
2017 South Korea 33 1.4%
2019 Hungary 33 0.6%
2020 Iran 33 0.7%
2017 Japan 32 1.3%
2021 Austria 32 0.7%
2017 Malaysia 31 1.3%
2017 Netherlands 31 1.3%
2017 Israel 30 1.2%
2019 Iraq 30 0.5%
2019 Ukraine 30 0.5%
2020 Colombia 30 0.6%
2020 Taiwan 30 0.6%
2019 Chile 29 0.5%
2021 Czech Republic 29 0.7%
2021 Korea South) 29 0.7%
2021 Norway 29 0.7%
2017 Turkey 28 1.1%
2018 China 28 2.4%
2018 Mexico 28 2.4%
2021 Iran 28 0.6%
2017 Portugal 27 1.1%
2019 Croatia 27 0.5%
2019 Saudi Arabia 27 0.5%
2019 Serbia 27 0.5%
2020 Chile 27 0.6%
2017 Greece 26 1.1%
2019 Finland 26 0.5%
2019 New Zealand 26 0.5%
2019 Thailand 26 0.5%
2020 Saudi Arabia 26 0.5%
2021 New Zealand 26 0.6%
2017 Nigeria 25 1%
2020 Belgium 25 0.5%
2021 Denmark 25 0.6%
2021 Taiwan 25 0.6%
2017 South Africa 24 1%
2020 Bangladesh 24 0.5%
2016 Netherlands 23 1.6%
2016 Switzerland 23 1.6%
2019 Bangladesh 23 0.4%
2021 Belgium 23 0.5%
2021 Colombia 23 0.5%
2021 Israel 23 0.5%
2017 Sweden 22 0.9%
2018 Sweden 22 1.9%
2019 Taiwan 22 0.4%
2020 Ireland 22 0.5%
2020 Israel 22 0.5%
2020 Ukraine 22 0.5%
2021 Croatia 22 0.5%
2017 Taiwan 21 0.9%
2018 France 21 1.8%
2018 Iran 21 1.8%
2021 Bangladesh 21 0.5%
2021 Ukraine 21 0.5%
2017 Egypt 20 0.8%
2020 Hungary 20 0.4%
2020 Korea South) 20 0.4%
2018 Japan 19 1.6%
2019 Algeria 19 0.3%
2020 Nepal 19 0.4%
2020 Peru 19 0.4%
2020 Serbia 19 0.4%
2016 Portugal 18 1.3%
2016 Sweden 18 1.3%
2017 Ethiopia 18 0.7%
2017 France 18 0.7%
2017 New Zealand 18 0.7%
2017 Pakistan 18 0.7%
2018 Netherlands 18 1.5%
2019 Ireland 18 0.3%
2020 Czech Republic 18 0.4%
2020 Iraq 18 0.4%
2021 Chile 18 0.4%
2021 Ireland 18 0.4%
2016 Mexico 17 1.2%
2016 South Korea 17 1.2%
2018 Portugal 17 1.4%
2018 Turkey 17 1.4%
2020 Thailand 17 0.4%
2021 Ghana 17 0.4%
2021 Philippines 17 0.4%
2016 Iran 16 1.1%
2017 Bangladesh 16 0.7%
2017 Finland 16 0.7%
2018 Austria 16 1.4%
2019 Bulgaria 16 0.3%
2019 Slovenia 16 0.3%
2020 Algeria 16 0.3%
2020 Croatia 16 0.3%
2021 Hong Kong 16 0.4%
2021 Vietnam 16 0.4%
2018 New Zealand 15 1.3%
2019 Jordan 15 0.3%
2019 Peru 15 0.3%
2019 Philippines 15 0.3%
2020 Ghana 15 0.3%
2020 Kenya 15 0.3%
2020 Philippines 15 0.3%
2020 Singapore 15 0.3%
2021 Bulgaria 15 0.3%
2021 Hungary 15 0.3%
2021 Iraq 15 0.3%
2021 Peru 15 0.3%
2021 Saudi Arabia 15 0.3%
2016 Greece 14 1%
2017 Singapore 14 0.6%
2017 Thailand 14 0.6%
2020 Ecuador 14 0.3%
2020 New Zealand 14 0.3%
2021 Sri Lanka 14 0.3%
2016 Belgium 13 0.9%
2016 Poland 13 0.9%
2017 Belgium 13 0.5%
2017 Philippines 13 0.5%
2017 Poland 13 0.5%
2018 South Africa 13 1.1%
2019 Ecuador 13 0.2%
2019 Ghana 13 0.2%
2019 Kenya 13 0.2%
2020 Sri Lanka 13 0.3%
2020 United Arab Emirates 13 0.3%
2021 Nepal 13 0.3%
2021 Singapore 13 0.3%
2016 New Zealand 12 0.8%
2016 Norway 12 0.8%
2017 Colombia 12 0.5%
2017 Indonesia 12 0.5%
2017 Romania 12 0.5%
2018 Argentina 12 1%
2018 Greece 12 1%
2018 Romania 12 1%
2018 Switzerland 12 1%
2019 Venezuela 12 0.2%
2020 Denmark 12 0.3%
2021 Kenya 12 0.3%
2021 Serbia 12 0.3%
2016 Russia 11 0.8%
2017 Denmark 11 0.5%
2017 Ukraine 11 0.5%
2018 Nigeria 11 0.9%
2018 Russia 11 0.9%
2019 Estonia 11 0.2%
2019 Uruguay 11 0.2%
2019 Vietnam 11 0.2%
2020 Finland 11 0.2%
2020 Morocco 11 0.2%
2021 Ecuador 11 0.3%
2021 Slovakia 11 0.3%
2021 Thailand 11 0.3%
2021 United Arab Emirates 11 0.3%
2016 Denmark 10 0.7%
2017 Morocco 10 0.4%
2017 Norway 10 0.4%
2018 Thailand 10 0.9%
2019 Tunisia 10 0.2%
2019 United Arab Emirates 10 0.2%
2020 Slovenia 10 0.2%
2021 Morocco 10 0.2%
2021 Tanzania 10 0.2%
2016 Ireland 9 0.6%
2016 Israel 9 0.6%
2016 Pakistan 9 0.6%
2016 Turkey 9 0.6%
2017 Switzerland 9 0.4%
2018 Pakistan 9 0.8%
2018 Ukraine 9 0.8%
2019 Albania 9 0.2%
2019 Cameroon 9 0.2%
2019 Morocco 9 0.2%
2019 Palestine 9 0.2%
2019 Singapore 9 0.2%
2019 Slovakia 9 0.2%
2019 Sri Lanka 9 0.2%
2020 Bulgaria 9 0.2%
2020 Uganda 9 0.2%
2020 Zambia 9 0.2%
2021 Estonia 9 0.2%
2021 Finland 9 0.2%
2021 Slovenia 9 0.2%
2021 Tunisia 9 0.2%
2016 Czech Republic 8 0.6%
2017 Algeria 8 0.3%
2017 Austria 8 0.3%
2017 Chile 8 0.3%
2018 Colombia 8 0.7%
2018 Egypt 8 0.7%
2018 Slovenia 8 0.7%
2019 Belarus 8 0.1%
2019 Costa Rica 8 0.1%
2019 Nepal 8 0.1%
2019 Sudan 8 0.1%
2020 Cameroon 8 0.2%
2020 Hong Kong 8 0.2%
2020 Venezuela 8 0.2%
2020 Vietnam 8 0.2%
2021 Lebanon 8 0.2%
2016 Argentina 7 0.5%
2016 Singapore 7 0.5%
2016 South Africa 7 0.5%
2016 Taiwan 7 0.5%
2017 Bulgaria 7 0.3%
2017 Croatia 7 0.3%
2017 Czech Republic 7 0.3%
2017 Kenya 7 0.3%
2017 Nepal 7 0.3%
2017 Sri Lanka 7 0.3%
2017 Tunisia 7 0.3%
2018 Indonesia 7 0.6%
2018 Poland 7 0.6%
2019 Lithuania 7 0.1%
2019 Macedonia 7 0.1%
2019 Uganda 7 0.1%
2020 Costa Rica 7 0.1%
2020 Jordan 7 0.1%
2020 Slovakia 7 0.1%
2020 Tunisia 7 0.1%
2021 Cameroon 7 0.2%
2021 Uganda 7 0.2%
2016 Austria 6 0.4%
2016 Colombia 6 0.4%
2017 Hong Kong 6 0.2%
2017 Ireland 6 0.2%
2017 Jordan 6 0.2%
2017 Peru 6 0.2%
2017 Saudi Arabia 6 0.2%
2017 Venezuela 6 0.2%
2018 Israel 6 0.5%
2018 South Korea 6 0.5%
2019 Hong Kong 6 0.1%
2020 Puerto Rico 6 0.1%
2020 Sudan 6 0.1%
2020 Uzbekistan 6 0.1%
2021 Algeria 6 0.1%
2021 North Macedonia 6 0.1%
2016 Malaysia 5 0.3%
2016 Romania 5 0.3%
2016 Saudi Arabia 5 0.3%
2017 Cameroon 5 0.2%
2017 Serbia 5 0.2%
2017 Slovakia 5 0.2%
2017 Uganda 5 0.2%
2018 Algeria 5 0.4%
2018 Belgium 5 0.4%
2018 Denmark 5 0.4%
2018 Jordan 5 0.4%
2018 Malaysia 5 0.4%
2019 Cyprus 5 0.1%
2019 Lebanon 5 0.1%
2019 Luxembourg 5 0.1%
2020 Albania 5 0.1%
2020 Estonia 5 0.1%
2020 Kazakhstan 5 0.1%
2020 Tanzania 5 0.1%
2021 Oman 5 0.1%
2021 Uzbekistan 5 0.1%
2016 Indonesia 4 0.3%
2016 Nigeria 4 0.3%
2016 Peru 4 0.3%
2017 Hungary 4 0.2%
2017 Tanzania 4 0.2%
2017 Vietnam 4 0.2%
2018 Bangladesh 4 0.3%
2018 Czech Republic 4 0.3%
2018 Iraq 4 0.3%
2018 Singapore 4 0.3%
2018 United Arab Emirates 4 0.3%
2018 Venezuela 4 0.3%
2019 Armenia 4 0.1%
2019 Burma 4 0.1%
2019 Georgia 4 0.1%
2019 Kazakhstan 4 0.1%
2019 Libya 4 0.1%
2019 Oman 4 0.1%
2019 Tanzania 4 0.1%
2019 Vatican City 4 0.1%
2019 Yemen 4 0.1%
2020 Belarus 4 0.1%
2020 Kuwait 4 0.1%
2020 Latvia 4 0.1%
2020 Lebanon 4 0.1%
2020 Lithuania 4 0.1%
2020 Trinidad and Tobago 4 0.1%
2021 Albania 4 0.1%
2021 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 0.1%
2021 Lithuania 4 0.1%
2021 Macao 4 0.1%
2021 Myanmar 4 0.1%
2021 Venezuela 4 0.1%
2016 Bulgaria 3 0.2%
2016 Chile 3 0.2%
2016 Croatia 3 0.2%
2016 Finland 3 0.2%
2016 Kenya 3 0.2%
2016 Slovakia 3 0.2%
2016 Uruguay 3 0.2%
2016 Venezuela 3 0.2%
2016 Vietnam 3 0.2%
2017 Cuba 3 0.1%
2017 Iraq 3 0.1%
2017 Qatar 3 0.1%
2017 Zambia 3 0.1%
2018 Costa Rica 3 0.3%
2018 Hungary 3 0.3%
2018 Ireland 3 0.3%
2018 Lithuania 3 0.3%
2018 Saudi Arabia 3 0.3%
2018 Taiwan 3 0.3%
2019 Afghanistan 3 0.1%
2019 Latvia 3 0.1%
2019 Lesotho 3 0.1%
2019 Zambia 3 0.1%
2019 Zimbabwe 3 0.1%
2020 Guatemala 3 0.1%
2020 Kyrgyzstan 3 0.1%
2020 Luxembourg 3 0.1%
2020 Mauritius 3 0.1%
2020 Montenegro 3 0.1%
2020 North Macedonia 3 0.1%
2020 Panama 3 0.1%
2020 Papua New Guinea 3 0.1%
2020 Qatar 3 0.1%
2020 Rwanda 3 0.1%
2020 Uruguay 3 0.1%
2020 Yemen 3 0.1%
2021 Afghanistan 3 0.1%
2021 Armenia 3 0.1%
2021 Cambodia 3 0.1%
2021 Iceland 3 0.1%
2021 Kazakhstan 3 0.1%
2021 Kyrgyzstan 3 0.1%
2021 Latvia 3 0.1%
2021 Luxembourg 3 0.1%
2021 Malta 3 0.1%
2021 Rwanda 3 0.1%
2021 Sudan 3 0.1%
2021 Yemen 3 0.1%
2021 Zambia 3 0.1%
2016 Andorra 2 0.1%
2016 Bangladesh 2 0.1%
2016 Costa Rica 2 0.1%
2016 Egypt 2 0.1%
2016 El Salvador 2 0.1%
2016 Hungary 2 0.1%
2016 Iraq 2 0.1%
2016 Jordan 2 0.1%
2016 Lebanon 2 0.1%
2016 Lithuania 2 0.1%
2016 Qatar 2 0.1%
2016 Thailand 2 0.1%
2016 Ukraine 2 0.1%
2016 United Arab Emirates 2 0.1%
2017 Albania 2 0.1%
2017 Armenia 2 0.1%
2017 Belarus 2 0.1%
2017 Bermuda 2 0.1%
2017 Bolivia 2 0.1%
2017 Burma 2 0.1%
2017 Cambodia 2 0.1%
2017 Costa Rica 2 0.1%
2017 Cyprus 2 0.1%
2017 Ecuador 2 0.1%
2017 Estonia 2 0.1%
2017 Ghana 2 0.1%
2017 Lebanon 2 0.1%
2017 Namibia 2 0.1%
2017 Panama 2 0.1%
2017 Syria 2 0.1%
2017 Trinidad and Tobago 2 0.1%
2017 United Arab Emirates 2 0.1%
2018 Bulgaria 2 0.2%
2018 Cameroon 2 0.2%
2018 Ethiopia 2 0.2%
2018 Finland 2 0.2%
2018 Latvia 2 0.2%
2018 Malawi 2 0.2%
2018 Morocco 2 0.2%
2018 Nicaragua 2 0.2%
2018 Norway 2 0.2%
2018 Slovakia 2 0.2%
2018 Trinidad and Tobago 2 0.2%
2018 Uruguay 2 0.2%
2019 Andorra 2 0%
2019 Antigua and Barbuda 2 0%
2019 Bolivia 2 0%
2019 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 0%
2019 Burkina Faso 2 0%
2019 Cambodia 2 0%
2019 Cote d’Ivoire 2 0%
2019 Guatemala 2 0%
2019 Iceland 2 0%
2019 Jamaica 2 0%
2019 Kuwait 2 0%
2019 Malawi 2 0%
2019 Mali 2 0%
2019 Mauritius 2 0%
2019 Moldova 2 0%
2019 Mongolia 2 0%
2019 Qatar 2 0%
2019 Syria 2 0%
2019 United States Virgin Islands 2 0%
2020 Afghanistan 2 0%
2020 Antarctica 2 0%
2020 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 0%
2020 Cambodia 2 0%
2020 Fiji 2 0%
2020 Gabon 2 0%
2020 Georgia 2 0%
2020 Iceland 2 0%
2020 Ivory Coast 2 0%
2020 Macao 2 0%
2020 Mali 2 0%
2020 Malta 2 0%
2020 Moldova 2 0%
2020 Mongolia 2 0%
2020 Oman 2 0%
2020 Palestinian territories 2 0%
2020 Senegal 2 0%
2020 Sierra Leone 2 0%
2020 Zimbabwe 2 0%
2021 Bahrain 2 0%
2021 Belarus 2 0%
2021 Bolivia 2 0%
2021 Brunei 2 0%
2021 Costa Rica 2 0%
2021 Cuba 2 0%
2021 Cyprus 2 0%
2021 Guadeloupe 2 0%
2021 Jordan 2 0%
2021 Malawi 2 0%
2021 Mauritius 2 0%
2021 Palestinian territories 2 0%
2021 Qatar 2 0%
2021 Trinidad and Tobago 2 0%
2021 Uruguay 2 0%
2021 Zimbabwe 2 0%
2016 Albania 1 0.1%
2016 Algeria 1 0.1%
2016 Anguilla 1 0.1%
2016 Belarus 1 0.1%
2016 Cameroon 1 0.1%
2016 Ecuador 1 0.1%
2016 Estonia 1 0.1%
2016 Falkland Islands 1 0.1%
2016 Ghana 1 0.1%
2016 Guatemala 1 0.1%
2016 Guyana 1 0.1%
2016 Hong Kong 1 0.1%
2016 Iceland 1 0.1%
2016 Kazakhstan 1 0.1%
2016 Latvia 1 0.1%
2016 Moldova 1 0.1%
2016 Nepal 1 0.1%
2016 Nicaragua 1 0.1%
2016 Paraguay 1 0.1%
2016 Serbia 1 0.1%
2016 Slovenia 1 0.1%
2016 Sri Lanka 1 0.1%
2016 Tunisia 1 0.1%
2016 Vanuatu 1 0.1%
2017 Andorra 1 0%
2017 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 0%
2017 Botswana 1 0%
2017 Burkina Faso 1 0%
2017 Cape Verde 1 0%
2017 Chad 1 0%
2017 Congo, Democratic Republic of 1 0%
2017 Guadeloupe 1 0%
2017 Iceland 1 0%
2017 Jamaica 1 0%
2017 Lesotho 1 0%
2017 Lithuania 1 0%
2017 Malawi 1 0%
2017 Mali 1 0%
2017 Malta 1 0%
2017 Martinique 1 0%
2017 Navassa Island 1 0%
2017 Oman 1 0%
2017 Papua New Guinea 1 0%
2017 Saint Lucia 1 0%
2017 Samoa 1 0%
2017 Slovenia 1 0%
2017 Swaziland 1 0%
2017 Turks and Caicos Islands 1 0%
2017 Uruguay 1 0%
2017 Uzbekistan 1 0%
2017 Zimbabwe 1 0%
2018 Albania 1 0.1%
2018 Andorra 1 0.1%
2018 Anguilla 1 0.1%
2018 Bahrain 1 0.1%
2018 Benin 1 0.1%
2018 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 0.1%
2018 Burma 1 0.1%
2018 Chile 1 0.1%
2018 Congo, Republic of 1 0.1%
2018 Croatia 1 0.1%
2018 Cyprus 1 0.1%
2018 Ecuador 1 0.1%
2018 Estonia 1 0.1%
2018 French Polynesia 1 0.1%
2018 Georgia 1 0.1%
2018 Ghana 1 0.1%
2018 Haiti 1 0.1%
2018 Hong Kong 1 0.1%
2018 Kazakhstan 1 0.1%
2018 Kenya 1 0.1%
2018 Kuwait 1 0.1%
2018 Lebanon 1 0.1%
2018 Libya 1 0.1%
2018 Mali 1 0.1%
2018 Malta 1 0.1%
2018 Mauritius 1 0.1%
2018 New Caledonia 1 0.1%
2018 Peru 1 0.1%
2018 Philippines 1 0.1%
2018 Qatar 1 0.1%
2018 Serbia 1 0.1%
2018 Sri Lanka 1 0.1%
2018 Sudan 1 0.1%
2018 Syria 1 0.1%
2018 Tanzania 1 0.1%
2018 Vatican City 1 0.1%
2018 Vietnam 1 0.1%
2018 Yemen 1 0.1%
2019 Azerbaijan 1 0%
2019 Bahrain 1 0%
2019 Barbados 1 0%
2019 Belize 1 0%
2019 Benin 1 0%
2019 Brunei 1 0%
2019 Burundi 1 0%
2019 Congo, Democratic Republic of 1 0%
2019 Cuba 1 0%
2019 Dominican Republic 1 0%
2019 El Salvador 1 0%
2019 Falkland Islands 1 0%
2019 Guam/Saipan 1 0%
2019 Honduras 1 0%
2019 Kyrgyzstan 1 0%
2019 Laos 1 0%
2019 Liberia 1 0%
2019 Montenegro 1 0%
2019 Mozambique 1 0%
2019 Niue 1 0%
2019 Panama 1 0%
2019 Paraguay 1 0%
2019 Rwanda 1 0%
2019 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 0%
2019 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 0%
2019 Senegal 1 0%
2019 Somalia 1 0%
2019 Tajikistan 1 0%
2019 Trinidad and Tobago 1 0%
2019 Uzbekistan 1 0%
2019 Wallis Futuna 1 0%
2020 Azerbaijan 1 0%
2020 Benin 1 0%
2020 Botswana 1 0%
2020 Cape Verde 1 0%
2020 Central African Republic 1 0%
2020 Congo ( Republic) 1 0%
2020 Cuba 1 0%
2020 Djibouti 1 0%
2020 Eswatini 1 0%
2020 Guinea 1 0%
2020 Lesotho 1 0%
2020 Malawi 1 0%
2020 Maldives 1 0%
2020 Myanmar 1 0%
2020 Nicaragua 1 0%
2020 Northern Mariana Islands 1 0%
2020 South Sudan 1 0%
2020 Syria 1 0%
2021 Ã…land Islands 1 0%
2021 Andorra 1 0%
2021 Antigua and Barbuda 1 0%
2021 Azerbaijan 1 0%
2021 Bermuda 1 0%
2021 Botswana 1 0%
2021 Cape Verde 1 0%
2021 Gambia 1 0%
2021 Guam 1 0%
2021 Guatemala 1 0%
2021 Guinea 1 0%
2021 Guyana 1 0%
2021 Haiti 1 0%
2021 Ivory Coast 1 0%
2021 Jamaica 1 0%
2021 Kosovo 1 0%
2021 Lesotho 1 0%
2021 Madagascar 1 0%
2021 Montenegro 1 0%
2021 Mozambique 1 0%
2021 Nicaragua 1 0%
2021 Northern Mariana Islands 1 0%
2021 Paraguay 1 0%
2021 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 0%
2021 Suriname 1 0%

Q6.5_1 Which continent are you located in?

Survey Q6.5_1 n Pct
2019 Europe 2175 39.1%
2020 Asia (including Middle East) 1591 33.2%
2020 Europe 1582 33.1%
2021 Europe 1562 35.7%
2021 Asia (including Middle East) 1332 30.5%
2019 Asia (including Middle East) 1311 23.6%
2019 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 1082 19.5%
2021 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 743 17%
2020 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 696 14.5%
2017 Europe 682 28%
2017 Asia (including Middle East) 634 26%
2016 Europe 589 41.2%
2017 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 573 23.5%
2018 Europe 461 39.3%
2019 South America 437 7.9%
2020 South America 415 8.7%
2020 Africa 396 8.3%
2016 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 395 27.6%
2019 Africa 395 7.1%
2021 Africa 310 7.1%
2021 South America 297 6.8%
2016 Asia (including Middle East) 270 18.9%
2018 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 266 22.7%
2017 South America 265 10.9%
2018 Asia (including Middle East) 236 20.1%
2019 Australasia 156 2.8%
2017 Africa 151 6.2%
2017 Australasia 134 5.5%
2021 Australasia 128 2.9%
2018 South America 105 9%
2016 South America 103 7.2%
2020 Australasia 103 2.2%
2018 Australasia 54 4.6%
2016 Australasia 52 3.6%
2018 Africa 51 4.3%
2016 Africa 20 1.4%
2020 Antarctica 2 0%