Research, Nature; Goodey, Greg (2021): State of Open Data Survey 2021 additional resources. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17081231.v1
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Q2.1 To provide a little more context for your later responses we would first like to understand a little about your research and attitudes towards open science. When was the last occasion that you published or submitted a manuscript to a journal?
| Survey | Q2.1 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Within the last year | 4597 | 80.6 |
| 2020 | Within the last year | 4001 | 80.9 |
| 2021 | Within the last year | 3718 | 82.8 |
| 2019 | 1-2 years ago | 742 | 13 |
| 2020 | 1-2 years ago | 602 | 12.2 |
| 2021 | 1-2 years ago | 509 | 11.3 |
| 2019 | 3-5 years ago | 361 | 6.3 |
| 2020 | 3-5 years ago | 342 | 6.9 |
| 2021 | 3-5 years ago | 264 | 5.9 |
Q2.3 In which year was your first peer-reviewed research article published?
| Q2.3 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 809 | 5.1% |
| 2018 | 636 | 4% |
| 2017 | 602 | 3.8% |
| 2015 | 600 | 3.8% |
| 2012 | 566 | 3.6% |
| 2016 | 552 | 3.5% |
| 2014 | 538 | 3.4% |
| 2013 | 514 | 3.2% |
| 2010 | 511 | 3.2% |
| 2011 | 471 | 3% |
| 2009 | 463 | 2.9% |
| 2008 | 458 | 2.9% |
| 2005 | 423 | 2.7% |
| 2006 | 396 | 2.5% |
| 2007 | 395 | 2.5% |
| 2004 | 368 | 2.3% |
| 2003 | 362 | 2.3% |
| 2000 | 346 | 2.2% |
| 1998 | 339 | 2.1% |
| 2001 | 334 | 2.1% |
| 2021 | 334 | 2.1% |
| 2002 | 328 | 2.1% |
| 1999 | 307 | 1.9% |
| 2020 | 303 | 1.9% |
| 1996 | 280 | 1.8% |
| 1997 | 278 | 1.7% |
| 1992 | 274 | 1.7% |
| 1995 | 254 | 1.6% |
| 1994 | 252 | 1.6% |
| 1991 | 251 | 1.6% |
| 1990 | 236 | 1.5% |
| 1993 | 228 | 1.4% |
| 1989 | 223 | 1.4% |
| 1985 | 208 | 1.3% |
| 1987 | 200 | 1.3% |
| 1986 | 198 | 1.2% |
| 1988 | 192 | 1.2% |
| 1984 | 179 | 1.1% |
| 1983 | 152 | 1% |
| 1982 | 140 | 0.9% |
| 1980 | 138 | 0.9% |
| 1978 | 137 | 0.9% |
| 1981 | 130 | 0.8% |
| 1979 | 120 | 0.8% |
| 1976 | 105 | 0.7% |
| 1974 | 82 | 0.5% |
| 1975 | 81 | 0.5% |
| 1977 | 81 | 0.5% |
| 1973 | 73 | 0.5% |
| 1971 | 68 | 0.4% |
| 1972 | 68 | 0.4% |
| 1969 | 57 | 0.4% |
| 1970 | 50 | 0.3% |
| 1965 | 35 | 0.2% |
| 1967 | 32 | 0.2% |
| 1968 | 26 | 0.2% |
| 1964 | 24 | 0.2% |
| 1966 | 23 | 0.1% |
| 1963 | 20 | 0.1% |
| 1962 | 17 | 0.1% |
| 1961 | 15 | 0.1% |
| 1960 | 14 | 0.1% |
| 1957 | 9 | 0.1% |
| 1959 | 9 | 0.1% |
| 1958 | 6 | 0% |
| 1955 | 4 | 0% |
| 1950 | 3 | 0% |
| 1954 | 2 | 0% |
| 1951 | 1 | 0% |
| 1956 | 1 | 0% |
Q2.4 Which of the following best describes your primary area of interest?
| Survey | Q2.4 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Medicine | 1185 | 24.2% |
| 2019 | Medicine | 1048 | 18.7% |
| 2020 | Biology | 945 | 19.3% |
| 2019 | Biology | 925 | 16.5% |
| 2019 | Other (please specify) | 917 | 16.4% |
| 2021 | Medicine | 897 | 20% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 849 | 18.9% |
| 2021 | Biology | 820 | 18.3% |
| 2020 | Other (please specify) | 758 | 15.5% |
| 2019 | Engineering | 669 | 12% |
| 2019 | Social Sciences | 633 | 11.3% |
| 2021 | Engineering | 530 | 11.8% |
| 2019 | Earth and Environmental Science | 498 | 8.9% |
| 2020 | Engineering | 491 | 10% |
| 2020 | Social Sciences | 423 | 8.6% |
| 2021 | Social Sciences | 422 | 9.4% |
| 2016 | Biology | 402 | 28% |
| 2020 | Earth and Environmental Science | 369 | 7.5% |
| 2021 | Earth and Environmental Science | 333 | 7.4% |
| 2019 | Physics | 242 | 4.3% |
| 2018 | Biology | 229 | 19.9% |
| 2016 | Medicine | 227 | 15.8% |
| 2019 | Chemistry | 208 | 3.7% |
| 2020 | Physics | 184 | 3.8% |
| 2021 | Physics | 183 | 4.1% |
| 2018 | Other (please specify) | 179 | 15.6% |
| 2020 | Chemistry | 172 | 3.5% |
| 2018 | Medicine | 169 | 14.7% |
| 2018 | Social Sciences | 167 | 14.5% |
| 2016 | Other (please specify) | 162 | 11.3% |
| 2021 | Chemistry | 156 | 3.5% |
| 2020 | Materials Science | 146 | 3% |
| 2019 | Arts and Humanities | 139 | 2.5% |
| 2016 | Engineering | 135 | 9.4% |
| 2019 | Materials Science | 133 | 2.4% |
| 2021 | Materials Science | 128 | 2.9% |
| 2016 | Social Sciences | 123 | 8.6% |
| 2018 | Earth and Environmental Science | 119 | 10.3% |
| 2020 | Arts and Humanities | 114 | 2.3% |
| 2016 | Earth and Environmental Science | 110 | 7.7% |
| 2019 | Business/Investment | 109 | 1.9% |
| 2016 | Physics | 88 | 6.1% |
| 2021 | Arts and Humanities | 84 | 1.9% |
| 2018 | Engineering | 81 | 7% |
| 2017 | Biology | 77 | 29.8% |
| 2019 | Astronomy and planetary science | 71 | 1.3% |
| 2020 | Business/Investment | 70 | 1.4% |
| 2016 | Chemistry | 65 | 4.5% |
| 2016 | Materials Science | 51 | 3.6% |
| 2021 | Business/Investment | 49 | 1.1% |
| 2018 | Chemistry | 48 | 4.2% |
| 2020 | Astronomy and planetary science | 46 | 0.9% |
| 2017 | Other (please specify) | 45 | 17.4% |
| 2016 | Arts and Humanities | 44 | 3.1% |
| 2018 | Arts and Humanities | 44 | 3.8% |
| 2018 | Materials Science | 44 | 3.8% |
| 2021 | Astronomy and planetary science | 40 | 0.9% |
| 2017 | Earth and Environmental Science | 33 | 12.8% |
| 2018 | Business/Investment | 30 | 2.6% |
| 2017 | Social Sciences | 29 | 11.2% |
| 2018 | Physics | 29 | 2.5% |
| 2017 | Medicine | 27 | 10.5% |
| 2017 | Engineering | 24 | 9.3% |
| 2016 | Astronomy and planetary science | 15 | 1% |
| 2016 | Business/Investment | 14 | 1% |
| 2018 | Astronomy and planetary science | 11 | 1% |
| 2017 | Arts and Humanities | 8 | 3.1% |
| 2017 | Physics | 6 | 2.3% |
| 2017 | Chemistry | 4 | 1.6% |
| 2017 | Materials Science | 3 | 1.2% |
| 2017 | Astronomy and planetary science | 1 | 0.4% |
| 2017 | Business/Investment | 1 | 0.4% |
Q2.6 Does any of your current research involve collaboration with others? (Please select all that apply)
| Survey | Q2.6 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Yes, internationally | 3167 | 55.6% |
| 2021 | Yes, internationally | 2438 | 33.1% |
| 2021 | Yes, within my institution | 2323 | 31.6% |
| 2021 | Yes, within my country | 2196 | 29.8% |
| 2020 | Yes, internationally | 2093 | 42.3% |
| 2020 | Yes, within my country | 1275 | 25.8% |
| 2019 | Yes, within my country | 1116 | 19.6% |
| 2020 | Yes, within my institution | 1103 | 22.3% |
| 2019 | Yes, within my institution | 907 | 15.9% |
| 2016 | Yes, internationally | 887 | 52.5% |
| 2017 | Yes, within my country | 532 | 45.1% |
| 2019 | No | 466 | 8.2% |
| 2020 | No | 435 | 8.8% |
| 2021 | No | 373 | 5.1% |
| 2016 | Yes, within my country | 364 | 21.6% |
| 2017 | Yes, within my institution | 345 | 29.3% |
| 2016 | Yes, within my institution | 302 | 17.9% |
| 2017 | No | 257 | 21.8% |
| 2016 | No | 135 | 8% |
| 2017 | Yes, internationally | 45 | 3.8% |
| 2019 | I don’t know | 44 | 0.8% |
| 2020 | I don’t know | 39 | 0.8% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 30 | 0.4% |
Q2.7_1 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Making research articles open access should be common scholarly practice
| Survey | Q2.7_1 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Strongly agree | 3019 | 67.2% |
| 2021 | Somewhat agree | 916 | 20.4% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 351 | 7.8% |
| 2021 | Somewhat disagree | 106 | 2.4% |
| 2021 | Strongly disagree | 99 | 2.2% |
Q2.7_2 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Making research data openly available should be common scholarly practice (2)
| Survey | Q2.7_2 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Strongly agree | 2358 | 52.5% |
| 2021 | Somewhat agree | 1275 | 28.4% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 521 | 11.6% |
| 2021 | Somewhat disagree | 229 | 5.1% |
| 2021 | Strongly disagree | 108 | 2.4% |
Q2.7_3 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Making all research outputs openly available should be common scholarly practices (3)
| Survey | Q2.7_3 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Strongly agree | 2205 | 49.1% |
| 2021 | Somewhat agree | 1314 | 29.3% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 575 | 12.8% |
| 2021 | Somewhat disagree | 260 | 5.8% |
| 2021 | Strongly disagree | 137 | 3.1% |
Q2.8 How familiar are you with the FAIR data principles in relation to open data?
| Survey | Q2.8 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now | 3089 | 54.2% |
| 2020 | I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now | 1950 | 39.4% |
| 2020 | I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them | 1789 | 36.2% |
| 2021 | I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them | 1721 | 38.3% |
| 2019 | I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them | 1585 | 27.8% |
| 2021 | I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now | 1515 | 33.7% |
| 2021 | I am familiar with the FAIR principles | 1255 | 27.9% |
| 2020 | I am familiar with the FAIR principles | 1206 | 24.4% |
| 2019 | I am familiar with the FAIR principles | 1026 | 18% |
| 2018 | I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now | 739 | 59.6% |
| 2018 | I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them | 312 | 25.2% |
| 2018 | I am familiar with the FAIR principles | 188 | 15.2% |
Q3.1 About your research data. Do you curate/prepare your data for sharing during or shortly after the data collection process either privately or publicly?
| Survey | Q3.1 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Yes, some | 1836 | 37.1% |
| 2019 | Yes, all data | 1321 | 23.2% |
| 2019 | Yes, some | 1306 | 22.9% |
| 2021 | Yes, some | 1185 | 26.4% |
| 2019 | No, it’s not important with our data | 1034 | 18.1% |
| 2021 | Yes, all data | 947 | 21.1% |
| 2020 | Yes, all data | 917 | 18.5% |
| 2017 | Yes, some | 834 | 33% |
| 2020 | Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond | 771 | 15.6% |
| 2021 | Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond | 750 | 16.7% |
| 2019 | No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to | 676 | 11.9% |
| 2019 | Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond | 550 | 9.6% |
| 2019 | Yes, but only data shared publicly | 549 | 9.6% |
| 2021 | Yes, but only data shared publicly | 537 | 12% |
| 2021 | No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to | 504 | 11.2% |
| 2020 | Yes, but only data shared publicly | 489 | 9.9% |
| 2020 | No, it’s not important with our data | 465 | 9.4% |
| 2017 | Yes, all data | 453 | 17.9% |
| 2018 | Yes, some | 417 | 33.7% |
| 2020 | No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to | 360 | 7.3% |
| 2017 | Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond | 357 | 14.1% |
| 2021 | No, it’s not important with our data | 352 | 7.8% |
| 2017 | No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to | 298 | 11.8% |
| 2017 | No, it’s not important with our data | 273 | 10.8% |
| 2019 | No, other (please specify) | 264 | 4.6% |
| 2021 | No, other (please specify) | 216 | 4.8% |
| 2017 | Yes, but only data shared publicly | 214 | 8.5% |
| 2018 | Yes, all data | 188 | 15.2% |
| 2018 | Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond | 185 | 14.9% |
| 2018 | No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to | 152 | 12.3% |
| 2018 | No, it’s not important with our data | 124 | 10% |
| 2018 | Yes, but only data shared publicly | 123 | 9.9% |
| 2020 | No, other (please specify) | 107 | 2.2% |
| 2017 | No, other (please specify) | 95 | 3.8% |
| 2018 | No, other (please specify) | 49 | 4% |
Q3.2 Have you created a data management plan for your current research? (Please select all that apply)
| Survey | Q3.2 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | No | 1595 | 32.4% |
| 2021 | Yes, but not as a result of any requirement | 1270 | 25.8% |
| 2021 | Yes, it was a requirement of my institution | 839 | 17.1% |
| 2021 | Yes, it was a requirement of my current funder | 738 | 15% |
| 2021 | Yes, it is a requirement of the journal I plan to submit to | 475 | 9.7% |
Q3.3 At which point during the research cycle, if at all, do you make your data available?
| Survey | Q3.3 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | On publication of the research | 1370 | 30.5% |
| 2021 | Upon request from others | 968 | 21.6% |
| 2021 | When submitting a research article | 861 | 19.2% |
| 2021 | When the research is complete | 655 | 14.6% |
| 2021 | I do not share my data beyond my immediate collaborators | 435 | 9.7% |
| 2021 | Immediately at the point when data is collected | 202 | 4.5% |
Q3.4 How do you share your research data with a public audience? (Please select all that apply)
| Survey | Q3.4 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Institutional repository | 1979 | 33.9% |
| 2021 | External repository (e.g. Figshare, Zenodo) | 1075 | 18.4% |
| 2021 | Cloud file sharing (e.g. Dropbox, Google Drive) | 975 | 16.7% |
| 2021 | Funder repository | 603 | 10.3% |
| 2021 | Blog / website | 603 | 10.3% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 597 | 10.2% |
Q3.5 To what extent do you think you make your data open in compliance with FAIR?
| Survey | Q3.5 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Neutral | 1659 | 29.1% |
| 2019 | Somewhat | 1578 | 27.7% |
| 2020 | Somewhat | 1443 | 29.2% |
| 2021 | Somewhat | 1286 | 31.7% |
| 2019 | Very much | 1122 | 19.7% |
| 2020 | I don’t know | 996 | 20.1% |
| 2020 | Neutral | 919 | 18.6% |
| 2021 | Very much | 902 | 22.2% |
| 2020 | Very much | 851 | 17.2% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 728 | 17.9% |
| 2019 | Not at all | 726 | 12.7% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 627 | 15.5% |
| 2019 | Not very much | 615 | 10.8% |
| 2020 | Not very much | 459 | 9.3% |
| 2021 | Not very much | 386 | 9.5% |
| 2018 | Neutral | 313 | 36.1% |
| 2020 | Not at all | 277 | 5.6% |
| 2018 | Somewhat | 249 | 28.7% |
| 2018 | Very much | 153 | 17.6% |
| 2021 | Not at all | 127 | 3.1% |
| 2018 | Not very much | 94 | 10.8% |
| 2018 | Not at all | 58 | 6.7% |
Q3.6 Do you know who meets the costs of making your research data openly accessible (e.g. resource for curation)?
| Survey | Q3.6 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | I don’t know | 1418 | 28.7% |
| 2020 | Funds identified in grant for this purpose | 1296 | 26.2% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 1169 | 28.8% |
| 2021 | Your institution | 1014 | 25% |
| 2017 | I don’t know | 866 | 35.8% |
| 2020 | Your institution | 864 | 17.5% |
| 2021 | Own funds | 855 | 21.1% |
| 2016 | I don’t know | 613 | 39.4% |
| 2020 | Own funds | 548 | 11.1% |
| 2020 | Funder | 510 | 10.3% |
| 2017 | Funds identified in grant for this purpose | 488 | 20.2% |
| 2021 | Funds identified in grant for this purpose | 416 | 10.3% |
| 2017 | Your institution | 381 | 15.8% |
| 2021 | General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose | 360 | 8.9% |
| 2016 | Your institution | 313 | 20.1% |
| 2020 | General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose | 309 | 6.2% |
| 2017 | General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose | 299 | 12.4% |
| 2017 | Own funds | 282 | 11.7% |
| 2016 | Funds identified in grant for this purpose | 267 | 17.2% |
| 2021 | Your funder | 242 | 6% |
| 2016 | Own funds | 166 | 10.7% |
| 2016 | General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose | 147 | 9.5% |
| 2017 | Funder | 100 | 4.1% |
| 2016 | Funder | 48 | 3.1% |
Q3.7 If you required help in making your research data openly available, which sources would you rely upon? (Please select all that apply)
| Survey | Q3.7 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Publisher | 2433 | 20.2% |
| 2020 | Publisher | 2167 | 19.5% |
| 2019 | Colleague | 1978 | 16.4% |
| 2019 | Research office/In-house institutional expertise | 1966 | 16.3% |
| 2020 | Research office/In-house institutional expertise | 1935 | 17.4% |
| 2020 | Colleague | 1721 | 15.5% |
| 2021 | Repository | 1567 | 15% |
| 2020 | Web-search | 1553 | 14% |
| 2019 | Web-search | 1548 | 12.9% |
| 2021 | Publisher | 1534 | 14.7% |
| 2019 | Library | 1395 | 11.6% |
| 2021 | Library | 1369 | 13.1% |
| 2019 | Open data software provider | 1324 | 11% |
| 2020 | Open data software provider | 1310 | 11.8% |
| 2021 | Colleague | 1266 | 12.1% |
| 2020 | Library | 1263 | 11.4% |
| 2017 | Colleague | 1224 | 21.6% |
| 2021 | Research office/In-house institutional expertise | 1223 | 11.7% |
| 2017 | Research office/In-house institutional expertise | 1190 | 21% |
| 2017 | Web-search | 1047 | 18.5% |
| 2016 | Colleague | 990 | 25.3% |
| 2021 | Web-search | 957 | 9.2% |
| 2017 | Publisher | 930 | 16.4% |
| 2016 | Web-search | 908 | 23.2% |
| 2021 | Open data software provider | 863 | 8.3% |
| 2021 | Funder | 845 | 8.1% |
| 2016 | Research office/In-house institutional expertise | 805 | 20.6% |
| 2020 | Professional 3rd party | 772 | 6.9% |
| 2019 | Professional 3rd party | 707 | 5.9% |
| 2017 | Library | 690 | 12.2% |
| 2018 | Web-search | 650 | 21.5% |
| 2016 | Publisher | 641 | 16.4% |
| 2018 | Colleague | 557 | 18.4% |
| 2017 | Open data software provider | 530 | 9.3% |
| 2016 | Open data software provider | 525 | 13.4% |
| 2019 | I would not require help making my data openly available | 518 | 4.3% |
| 2018 | Publisher | 509 | 16.9% |
| 2018 | Library | 428 | 14.2% |
| 2018 | Open data software provider | 421 | 13.9% |
| 2018 | Research office/In-house institutional expertise | 421 | 13.9% |
| 2021 | Professional 3rd party | 365 | 3.5% |
| 2021 | I would not require help making my data openly available | 352 | 3.4% |
| 2020 | I would not require help making my data openly available | 301 | 2.7% |
| 2019 | Other | 156 | 1.3% |
| 2021 | Other | 105 | 1% |
| 2020 | Other | 99 | 0.9% |
| 2017 | Other | 63 | 1.1% |
| 2016 | Other | 42 | 1.1% |
| 2018 | Other | 33 | 1.1% |
Q3.8 How, if at all, do you monitor the use of data that you share publicly? (Please select all that apply)
| Survey | Q3.8 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Citations | 2274 | 38.2% |
| 2021 | Downloads | 1460 | 24.5% |
| 2021 | I do not monitor the use of my data | 1223 | 20.5% |
| 2021 | Altmetrics | 562 | 9.4% |
| 2021 | Resolutions (i.e. frequency with which a unique identifier is clicked) | 339 | 5.7% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 96 | 1.6% |
Q3.9 To what extent are you comfortable with others using your data for the following?: Q3.9_1 Replication studies (use of your data as a reference to determine whether they can be repeated under similar conditions)
| Survey | Q3.9_1 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely comfortable | 2291 | 51% |
| 2021 | Somewhat comfortable | 1200 | 26.7% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 645 | 14.4% |
| 2021 | Somewhat uncomfortable | 167 | 3.7% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 109 | 2.4% |
| 2021 | Extremely uncomfortable | 79 | 1.8% |
Q3.9_2 Reanalysis (using a different method to analyse your data set)
| Survey | Q3.9_2 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely comfortable | 2124 | 47.3% |
| 2021 | Somewhat comfortable | 1306 | 29.1% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 718 | 16% |
| 2021 | Somewhat uncomfortable | 169 | 3.8% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 99 | 2.2% |
| 2021 | Extremely uncomfortable | 75 | 1.7% |
Q3.9_3 Reinterpretation (using your data as is to answer another question)
| Survey | Q3.9_3 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely comfortable | 2085 | 46.4% |
| 2021 | Somewhat comfortable | 1270 | 28.3% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 715 | 15.9% |
| 2021 | Somewhat uncomfortable | 236 | 5.3% |
| 2021 | Extremely uncomfortable | 93 | 2.1% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 92 | 2% |
Q3.9_4 Isolated reuse (reanalysing your data to answer a new question)
| Survey | Q3.9_4 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely comfortable | 2083 | 46.4% |
| 2021 | Somewhat comfortable | 1227 | 27.3% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 779 | 17.3% |
| 2021 | Somewhat uncomfortable | 207 | 4.6% |
| 2021 | Extremely uncomfortable | 99 | 2.2% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 96 | 2.1% |
Q3.9_5 Combination reuse (reanalysing your data in combination with other data sets to answer a new question)
| Survey | Q3.9_5 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely comfortable | 2194 | 48.9% |
| 2021 | Somewhat comfortable | 1258 | 28% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 710 | 15.8% |
| 2021 | Somewhat uncomfortable | 144 | 3.2% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 100 | 2.2% |
| 2021 | Extremely uncomfortable | 85 | 1.9% |
Q3.10 What problems/concerns, if any, do you have with sharing datasets? (Please select all that apply)
| Survey | Q3.10 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Concerns about misuse of data | 2082 | 11.7% |
| 2021 | Concerns about misuse of data | 1920 | 11.3% |
| 2020 | Concerns about misuse of data | 1881 | 11.7% |
| 2019 | Unsure about copyright licensing | 1858 | 10.5% |
| 2019 | Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement | 1834 | 10.3% |
| 2021 | Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement | 1739 | 10.2% |
| 2021 | Unsure about copyright licensing | 1585 | 9.3% |
| 2020 | Contain sensitive information | 1535 | 9.5% |
| 2020 | Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement | 1531 | 9.5% |
| 2019 | Costs of sharing data | 1497 | 8.4% |
| 2020 | Unsure about copyright licensing | 1479 | 9.2% |
| 2019 | Unsure I have the permission to share | 1454 | 8.2% |
| 2019 | Organising data in a presentable and useful way | 1434 | 8.1% |
| 2019 | Lack of time to deposit data | 1389 | 7.8% |
| 2021 | Contain sensitive information | 1366 | 8% |
| 2020 | Unsure I have the permission to share | 1291 | 8% |
| 2019 | Contain sensitive information | 1274 | 7.2% |
| 2020 | Costs of sharing data | 1192 | 7.4% |
| 2021 | Organising data in a presentable and usable way | 1150 | 6.7% |
| 2021 | Costs of sharing data | 1147 | 6.7% |
| 2020 | Organising data in a presentable and usable way | 1137 | 7% |
| 2019 | Not know what repository to use | 1124 | 6.3% |
| 2021 | Unsure I have the permission to share | 1110 | 6.5% |
| 2020 | Lack of time to deposit data | 984 | 6.1% |
| 2021 | I’m not sure I’ve exhausted all the potential findings yet | 971 | 5.7% |
| 2021 | Lack of time to deposit data | 942 | 5.5% |
| 2021 | Another lab may ‘scoop’ me to a discovery | 918 | 5.4% |
| 2020 | I’m not sure I’ve exhausted all the potential findings yet | 881 | 5.5% |
| 2020 | Not know what repository to use | 861 | 5.3% |
| 2021 | Not know what repository to use | 713 | 4.2% |
| 2020 | Another lab may make a different interpretation of my data | 694 | 4.3% |
| 2019 | Another lab may make a different interpretation of my data | 678 | 3.8% |
| 2019 | Data are too large to share | 674 | 3.8% |
| 2019 | I have no problems/concerns about sharing data | 661 | 3.7% |
| 2021 | Data are too large to share | 630 | 3.7% |
| 2019 | Data are too small or unimportant | 626 | 3.5% |
| 2021 | I have no problems/concerns about sharing data | 600 | 3.5% |
| 2020 | I have no problems/concerns about sharing data | 589 | 3.7% |
| 2021 | Another lab may make a different interpretation of my data | 581 | 3.4% |
| 2020 | Data are too large to share | 571 | 3.5% |
| 2021 | Data are too small or unimportant | 550 | 3.2% |
| 2018 | Concerns about misuse of data | 518 | 12% |
| 2020 | Data are too small or unimportant | 513 | 3.2% |
| 2018 | Unsure about copyright licensing | 508 | 11.8% |
| 2018 | Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement | 478 | 11.1% |
| 2018 | Unsure I have the permission to share | 458 | 10.6% |
| 2018 | Organising data in a presentable and useful way | 456 | 10.6% |
| 2018 | Contain sensitive information | 416 | 9.7% |
| 2019 | Others may find errors in my data | 416 | 2.3% |
| 2019 | Others may not be able to repeat my findings | 409 | 2.3% |
| 2021 | Others may not be able to repeat my findings | 402 | 2.4% |
| 2021 | Others may find errors in my data | 387 | 2.3% |
| 2020 | Others may find errors in my data | 386 | 2.4% |
| 2020 | Others may not be able to repeat my findings | 379 | 2.3% |
| 2018 | Not know what repository to use | 333 | 7.7% |
| 2018 | Lack of time to deposit data | 300 | 7% |
| 2018 | Costs of sharing data | 274 | 6.4% |
| 2018 | Data are too small or unimportant | 245 | 5.7% |
| 2019 | Other (please specify) | 224 | 1.3% |
| 2018 | Data are too large to share | 191 | 4.4% |
| 2021 | I have no desire to share my data | 177 | 1% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 151 | 0.9% |
| 2019 | I have no desire to share my data | 145 | 0.8% |
| 2020 | Other (please specify) | 131 | 0.8% |
| 2018 | Other (please specify) | 100 | 2.3% |
| 2020 | I have no desire to share my data | 97 | 0.6% |
| 2018 | I have no desire to share my data | 28 | 0.7% |
Q3.11 Have you ever been involved in a collaboration as a result of data you have previously shared?
| Survey | Q3.11 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | No | 2318 | 57.1% |
| 2021 | Yes | 1420 | 35% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 318 | 7.8% |
Q52 Have you ever been ‘scooped’ (i.e. have another lab publish an result similar to your own before you do) as a result of data you have previously shared?
| Survey | Q52 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | No | 2577 | 63.5% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 787 | 19.4% |
| 2021 | Yes | 692 | 17.1% |
Q3.12 What areas, if any, do you feel you need help with in regard to making your research data openly available? (Please select all that apply)
| Survey | Q3.12 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Copyright/Licensing of data | 2976 | 20.5% |
| 2019 | Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data | 2616 | 18% |
| 2020 | Copyright / licensing of data | 2591 | 19.6% |
| 2021 | Copyright/Licensing of data | 2486 | 20.5% |
| 2019 | Data management policies | 2362 | 16.3% |
| 2020 | Data management policies | 2165 | 16.4% |
| 2020 | Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data | 2147 | 16.3% |
| 2019 | Curation of data | 2083 | 14.4% |
| 2021 | Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data | 2076 | 17.1% |
| 2020 | Finding the time to manage my data | 2072 | 15.7% |
| 2019 | Finding the time to manage my data | 1985 | 13.7% |
| 2021 | Data management policies | 1932 | 15.9% |
| 2020 | Data Management Plans | 1921 | 14.6% |
| 2021 | Finding the time to manage my data | 1863 | 15.3% |
| 2020 | Curation of data | 1757 | 13.3% |
| 2019 | Data Management Plans | 1704 | 11.8% |
| 2021 | Data Management Plans | 1609 | 13.2% |
| 2021 | Curation of data | 1601 | 13.2% |
| 2018 | Copyright/Licensing of data | 672 | 24.5% |
| 2019 | None of the above | 563 | 3.9% |
| 2018 | Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data | 518 | 18.9% |
| 2018 | Curation of data | 473 | 17.2% |
| 2018 | Data management policies | 471 | 17.2% |
| 2018 | Data Management Plans | 445 | 16.2% |
| 2021 | None of the above | 436 | 3.6% |
| 2020 | None of the above | 423 | 3.2% |
| 2019 | Other (please specify) | 212 | 1.5% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 151 | 1.2% |
| 2020 | Other (please specify) | 122 | 0.9% |
| 2018 | None of the above | 118 | 4.3% |
| 2018 | Other (please specify) | 48 | 1.7% |
Q3.13 Would you like more guidance on how to comply with the policies of any of the below on making your research data openly available? (Please select all that apply)
| Survey | Q3.13 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Institution | 2583 | 30.4% |
| 2021 | Funder | 1838 | 21.7% |
| 2021 | Department or faculty | 1569 | 18.5% |
| 2021 | Government | 1488 | 17.5% |
| 2021 | None of the above | 1008 | 11.9% |
Q4.1 About your usage of other data sources, Since January 2020, have you reused any of the below as part of your research?: (Please select all that apply) [Note: by ‘reuse’ we mean undertaking new analysis of a pre-existing data set, either on its own or to add to another data set, to answer a different research question to that which the collection of data was originally intended]
| Survey | Q4.1 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | NA | 11400 | 66.7% |
| 2020 | 0 | 8468 | 57.1% |
| 2021 | 0 | 8048 | 59.7% |
| 2017 | NA | 6715 | 69.7% |
| 2016 | NA | 3610 | 66.9% |
| 2019 | 0 | 3014 | 17.6% |
| 2018 | NA | 2973 | 68.5% |
| 2020 | Your own data | 2868 | 19.3% |
| 2019 | Openly accessible data shared by other research groups | 2686 | 15.7% |
| 2021 | Your own data | 2265 | 16.8% |
| 2020 | Openly accessible data shared by other research groups | 2161 | 14.6% |
| 2021 | Neither of the above | 1605 | 11.9% |
| 2021 | Openly accessible data shared by other research groups | 1555 | 11.5% |
| 2017 | 0 | 1528 | 15.9% |
| 2017 | Openly accessible data shared by other research groups | 1393 | 14.5% |
| 2020 | Neither of the above | 1338 | 9% |
| 2016 | Openly accessible data shared by other research groups | 1016 | 18.8% |
| 2016 | 0 | 771 | 14.3% |
| 2018 | 0 | 724 | 16.7% |
| 2018 | Openly accessible data shared by other research groups | 641 | 14.8% |
Q4.2 To what extent has the COVID-19 pandemic affected your reuse of data? Q4.2_1 Your own data (1)
| Survey | Q4.2_1 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | My reuse of data has not changed since the onset of the pandemic | 1365 | 60.6% |
| 2021 | I have reused it somewhat more since the onset of the pandemic | 370 | 16.4% |
| 2021 | I have reused it a lot more since the onset of the pandemic | 314 | 13.9% |
| 2021 | I have reused it somewhat less since the onset of the pandemic | 107 | 4.7% |
| 2021 | I have reused it a lot less since the onset of the pandemic | 97 | 4.3% |
Q4.2_2 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups (2)
| Survey | Q4.2_2 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | My reuse of data has not changed since the onset of the pandemic | 849 | 55.4% |
| 2021 | I have reused it somewhat more since the onset of the pandemic | 286 | 18.7% |
| 2021 | I have reused it a lot more since the onset of the pandemic | 244 | 15.9% |
| 2021 | I have reused it somewhat less since the onset of the pandemic | 85 | 5.5% |
| 2021 | I have reused it a lot less since the onset of the pandemic | 69 | 4.5% |
Q4.3 How do you think the data shared by others has or could benefit you? (Please select all that apply)
| Survey | Q4.3 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Validates own findings | 3972 | 27.3% |
| 2019 | Complement existing data collected | 3511 | 24.1% |
| 2019 | Avoids duplication of effort | 3487 | 24% |
| 2020 | Validates own findings | 3333 | 26.3% |
| 2020 | Complement existing data collected | 3084 | 24.4% |
| 2019 | Fosters collaboration | 3035 | 20.9% |
| 2020 | Avoids duplication of effort | 3008 | 23.8% |
| 2021 | Validates own findings | 2871 | 26.2% |
| 2020 | Fosters collaboration | 2813 | 22.2% |
| 2021 | Complement existing data collected | 2599 | 23.8% |
| 2021 | Fosters collaboration | 2578 | 23.6% |
| 2021 | Avoids duplication of effort | 2436 | 22.3% |
| 2017 | Validates own findings | 1766 | 26.4% |
| 2017 | Avoids duplication of effort | 1716 | 25.6% |
| 2017 | Complement existing data collected | 1676 | 25% |
| 2017 | Fosters collaboration | 1305 | 19.5% |
| 2018 | Validates own findings | 907 | 26.1% |
| 2018 | Complement existing data collected | 881 | 25.4% |
| 2018 | Avoids duplication of effort | 847 | 24.4% |
| 2018 | Fosters collaboration | 731 | 21% |
| 2019 | It has not or would not benefit me | 307 | 2.1% |
| 2021 | It has not or would not benefit me | 295 | 2.7% |
| 2019 | Other (please specify) | 240 | 1.6% |
| 2020 | It has not or would not benefit me | 220 | 1.7% |
| 2020 | Other (please specify) | 204 | 1.6% |
| 2017 | Other (please specify) | 162 | 2.4% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 160 | 1.5% |
| 2018 | Other (please specify) | 78 | 2.2% |
| 2017 | It has not or would not benefit me | 72 | 1.1% |
| 2018 | It has not or would not benefit me | 30 | 0.9% |
Q4.4 Where have you previously obtained research data which has been collected by other research groups, for your own reuse? (Please select all that apply)
| Survey | Q4.4 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Downloaded directly from a data repository | 925 | 28.3% |
| 2021 | Data were available within a published research article | 817 | 25% |
| 2021 | Data were linked from a published data article | 740 | 22.7% |
| 2021 | Directly from the researcher who collected the data (e.g. via email) | 569 | 17.4% |
| 2021 | Data were available from a blog post | 151 | 4.6% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 63 | 1.9% |
Q4.5 What was your aim in using previously generated data? (Please select all that apply)
| Survey | Q4.5 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Combination reuse (reanalysing the data in combination with other data sets to answer a new question) | 1397 | 25.3% |
| 2021 | Reinterpretation (using the data as is to answer another question) | 1186 | 21.5% |
| 2021 | Reanalysis (analysing the data set using a different method to test the same research question) | 1138 | 20.6% |
| 2021 | Isolated reuse (reanalysing the data to answer a new question) | 965 | 17.5% |
| 2021 | Replication studies (use of the data as a reference to determine whether they can be repeated under similar conditions) | 708 | 12.8% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 131 | 2.4% |
Q4.6 How would you rate the importance of each of the following with reference to determining the quality of an openly accessible data set? Extremely important (1) Somewhat important (2) Moderately important (3) Slightly important (4) Not at all important (5) I don’t know (6)
Q4.6_1 The data are available from a publicly available repository (1)
| Survey | Q4.6_1 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely important | 2294 | 52.7% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1279 | 29.4% |
| 2021 | Moderately important | 514 | 11.8% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 151 | 3.5% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 111 | 2.6% |
Q4.6_2 The data are new (e.g. released within the last year) (2)
| Survey | Q4.6_2 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely important | 1310 | 30.2% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1273 | 29.3% |
| 2021 | Moderately important | 884 | 20.4% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 540 | 12.4% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 331 | 7.6% |
Q4.6_3 The data can be viewed, downloaded and edited on an application I have available (3)
| Survey | Q4.6_3 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely important | 1923 | 44.6% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1327 | 30.8% |
| 2021 | Moderately important | 662 | 15.4% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 215 | 5% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 183 | 4.2% |
Q4.6_4 The data come from a known source (e.g. familiar institution or academic) (4)
| Survey | Q4.6_4 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely important | 2096 | 47.9% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1283 | 29.3% |
| 2021 | Moderately important | 659 | 15% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 216 | 4.9% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 125 | 2.9% |
Q4.6_5 The data are in a repository that I know checks/curates the data (5)
| Survey | Q4.6_5 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely important | 1887 | 43.8% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1365 | 31.7% |
| 2021 | Moderately important | 713 | 16.5% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 199 | 4.6% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 145 | 3.4% |
Q4.6_6 The data are associated with a peer review article (6)
| Survey | Q4.6_6 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely important | 1905 | 43.7% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1306 | 29.9% |
| 2021 | Moderately important | 715 | 16.4% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 240 | 5.5% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 195 | 4.5% |
Q4.6_7 Data visualizations (e.g. figures, charts) reflect the true state of the source data (7)
| Survey | Q4.6_7 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely important | 1774 | 41.3% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1280 | 29.8% |
| 2021 | Moderately important | 713 | 16.6% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 292 | 6.8% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 232 | 5.4% |
Q4.6_8 Data is consistent with previously published findings (8)
| Survey | Q4.6_8 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely important | 1423 | 33.1% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1239 | 28.8% |
| 2021 | Moderately important | 870 | 20.2% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 437 | 10.2% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 334 | 7.8% |
Q4.6_9 Data are presented in a clear and understandable way (data layout, content and format etc.) (9)
| Survey | Q4.6_9 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely important | 2521 | 57.5% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1223 | 27.9% |
| 2021 | Moderately important | 441 | 10.1% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 139 | 3.2% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 58 | 1.3% |
Q4.6_10 The data set is complete for my needs (10)
| Survey | Q4.6_10 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely important | 1797 | 41.4% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1385 | 31.9% |
| 2021 | Moderately important | 774 | 17.8% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 232 | 5.3% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 149 | 3.4% |
Q4.6_11 Data have clear descriptions, classifications and coding (i.e. data are accompanied with sufficient context) (11)
| Survey | Q4.6_11 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Extremely important | 2675 | 61.1% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1107 | 25.3% |
| 2021 | Moderately important | 441 | 10.1% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 99 | 2.3% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 57 | 1.3% |
Q4.6_12 The data have been highly used, i.e. they have high usage metrics (e.g. citations, downloads, views etc.) (12)
| Survey | Q4.6_12 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Moderately important | 1041 | 24.1% |
| 2021 | Somewhat important | 1040 | 24.1% |
| 2021 | Extremely important | 1036 | 24% |
| 2021 | Not at all important | 704 | 16.3% |
| 2021 | Slightly important | 503 | 11.6% |
Q4.7 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Strongly agree (1) Somewhat agree (2) Neutral (3) Somewhat disagree (4) Strongly disagree (5) Q4.7_1 Data that are ‘easy’ to find and access improves my perception of its quality (1)
| Survey | Q4.7_1 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Somewhat agree | 1571 | 35% |
| 2021 | Strongly agree | 1497 | 33.3% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 1064 | 23.7% |
| 2021 | Somewhat disagree | 235 | 5.2% |
| 2021 | Strongly disagree | 124 | 2.8% |
Q4.7_2 Shared data add to the credibility of a research article (2)
| Survey | Q4.7_2 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Strongly agree | 2047 | 45.6% |
| 2021 | Somewhat agree | 1522 | 33.9% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 719 | 16% |
| 2021 | Somewhat disagree | 120 | 2.7% |
| 2021 | Strongly disagree | 83 | 1.8% |
Q4.8 We would now like to ask you to think about the last occasion on which you tried to get access to a data set produced by another research group. Please answer the following questions with this experience in mind. Were you able to get access to the data set?
| Survey | Q4.8 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Yes, part of the data set | 687 | 44.2% |
| 2021 | Yes, the complete data set | 622 | 40% |
| 2021 | No, I was unable to access the data set | 246 | 15.8% |
Q4.9 How did you gain access to the data set?
| Survey | Q4.9 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | A published research article | 375 | 28.6% |
| 2021 | Direct from the research group/authors | 299 | 22.8% |
| 2021 | Web-search | 271 | 20.7% |
| 2021 | A published data article | 195 | 14.9% |
| 2021 | Through a third-party | 89 | 6.8% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 65 | 5% |
| 2021 | Blog | 15 | 1.1% |
Q4.10 What was included in the data set?
| Survey | Q4.10 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Data file outputs | 702 | 23.6% |
| 2021 | Metadata about the data | 599 | 20.1% |
| 2021 | A README file | 393 | 13.2% |
| 2021 | License under which the data could be used | 371 | 12.5% |
| 2021 | Additional annotations of the data file | 363 | 12.2% |
| 2021 | Code | 227 | 7.6% |
| 2021 | Software requirements | 211 | 7.1% |
| 2021 | None of the above | 110 | 3.7% |
Q4.11 Were you able to reuse the dataset for your intended purpose?
| Survey | Q4.11 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Yes | 1201 | 91.7% |
| 2021 | No | 108 | 8.3% |
Q4.12 Why were you unable to reuse the dataset for your intended purpose?
| Survey | Q4.12 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | The data were not suitable for my intended use | 45 | 28.3% |
| 2021 | Technical issues (e.g. could not get access to necessary software) | 33 | 20.8% |
| 2021 | It was not annotated sufficiently for understanding | 32 | 20.1% |
| 2021 | I could not validate the quality of the data | 22 | 13.8% |
| 2021 | The license didn’t permit reuse/could not get reuse permission | 14 | 8.8% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 13 | 8.2% |
Q5.1 Do you think researchers currently get sufficient credit for sharing data?
| Survey | Q5.1 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | No, they receive too little credit | 3818 | 67% |
| 2020 | No, they receive too little credit | 2935 | 59.4% |
| 2021 | No, they receive too little credit | 2512 | 75.5% |
| 2020 | I don’t know | 1104 | 22.3% |
| 2019 | I don’t know | 993 | 17.4% |
| 2018 | No | 753 | 58% |
| 2019 | Yes | 640 | 11.2% |
| 2020 | Yes | 633 | 12.8% |
| 2021 | Yes | 605 | 18.2% |
| 2018 | Not sure | 427 | 32.9% |
| 2020 | No, they receive too much credit | 273 | 5.5% |
| 2019 | No, they receive too much credit | 249 | 4.4% |
| 2021 | No, they receive too much credit | 208 | 6.3% |
| 2018 | Yes | 119 | 9.2% |
Q5.2 What circumstances would motivate you to share your data?
| Survey | Q5.2 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Increased impact and visibility of my research | 3565 | 13.6% |
| 2019 | Public benefit | 3431 | 13% |
| 2020 | Full data citation | 3348 | 10.5% |
| 2020 | Increased impact and visibility of my research | 3126 | 9.8% |
| 2019 | Getting proper credit for sharing data | 3091 | 11.8% |
| 2020 | Co-authorship on papers | 2957 | 9.3% |
| 2020 | Public benefit | 2947 | 9.2% |
| 2019 | Journal or Publisher requirement | 2931 | 11.1% |
| 2020 | Journal or Publisher requirement | 2915 | 9.1% |
| 2021 | Citation of my research papers | 2751 | 10.9% |
| 2019 | Transparency and re-use | 2743 | 10.4% |
| 2019 | Funder requirement | 2693 | 10.2% |
| 2020 | Transparency and re-use | 2616 | 8.2% |
| 2019 | Institution or Organisation requirement | 2527 | 9.6% |
| 2020 | Funder requirement | 2524 | 7.9% |
| 2021 | Increased impact and visibility of my research | 2406 | 9.5% |
| 2020 | Institution or Organisation requirement | 2222 | 7% |
| 2021 | Full data citation | 2189 | 8.6% |
| 2021 | Journal or Publisher requirement | 2111 | 8.3% |
| 2021 | Public benefit | 2056 | 8.1% |
| 2019 | It was made simple and easy to do | 2055 | 7.8% |
| 2021 | Transparency and re-use | 1932 | 7.6% |
| 2021 | Co-authorship on papers | 1928 | 7.6% |
| 2020 | Consideration in job reviews and funding applications | 1913 | 6% |
| 2020 | Direct request from another research | 1830 | 5.7% |
| 2019 | Freedom of information request | 1750 | 6.7% |
| 2021 | Institution or Organisation requirement | 1670 | 6.6% |
| 2021 | Funder requirement | 1653 | 6.5% |
| 2020 | Freedom of information request | 1577 | 4.9% |
| 2020 | Financial reward | 1522 | 4.8% |
| 2020 | It was made simple and easy to do | 1357 | 4.3% |
| 2017 | Increased impact and visibility of my research | 1272 | 16.6% |
| 2021 | Direct request from another research | 1270 | 5% |
| 2019 | It was a field/industry expectation | 1240 | 4.7% |
| 2017 | Public benefit | 1199 | 15.7% |
| 2021 | Consideration in job reviews and funding applications | 1073 | 4.2% |
| 2021 | It was made simple and easy to do | 1048 | 4.1% |
| 2021 | Freedom of information request | 975 | 3.9% |
| 2017 | Journal or Publisher requirement | 913 | 11.9% |
| 2020 | It was a field/industry expectation | 884 | 2.8% |
| 2017 | Transparency and re-use | 880 | 11.5% |
| 2018 | Increased impact and visibility of my research | 841 | 15.6% |
| 2021 | Financial reward | 828 | 3.3% |
| 2018 | Public benefit | 802 | 14.8% |
| 2017 | Getting proper credit for sharing data | 776 | 10.1% |
| 2017 | Institution or Organisation requirement | 695 | 9.1% |
| 2017 | Funder requirement | 689 | 9% |
| 2018 | Transparency and re-use | 652 | 12.1% |
| 2021 | Open data badge | 641 | 2.5% |
| 2018 | Getting proper credit for sharing data | 621 | 11.5% |
| 2021 | It was a field/industry expectation | 601 | 2.4% |
| 2018 | Journal or Publisher requirement | 599 | 11.1% |
| 2017 | It was made simple and easy to do | 569 | 7.4% |
| 2018 | Institution or Organisation requirement | 522 | 9.7% |
| 2017 | Freedom of information request | 514 | 6.7% |
| 2018 | It was made simple and easy to do | 485 | 9% |
| 2018 | Funder requirement | 453 | 8.4% |
| 2018 | Freedom of information request | 352 | 6.5% |
| 2019 | Other (please specify) | 188 | 0.7% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 119 | 0.5% |
| 2020 | Other (please specify) | 111 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | Other (please specify) | 107 | 1.4% |
| 2019 | I would never share my data | 84 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Other (please specify) | 63 | 1.2% |
| 2021 | I would never share my data | 60 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | I would never share my data | 58 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | I would never share my data | 47 | 0.6% |
| 2018 | I would never share my data | 17 | 0.3% |
Q5.3 Which one of the circumstances would motivate you the most to share your data?
| Survey | Q5.3 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Increased impact and visibility of my research | 1110 | 19.5% |
| 2019 | Public benefit | 1035 | 18.2% |
| 2020 | Co-authorship on papers | 1023 | 20.9% |
| 2021 | Citation of my research papers | 870 | 19.4% |
| 2020 | Full data citation | 853 | 17.5% |
| 2019 | Getting proper credit for sharing data | 671 | 11.8% |
| 2021 | Co-authorship on papers | 647 | 14.4% |
| 2020 | Public benefit | 634 | 13% |
| 2020 | Increased impact and visibility of my research | 618 | 12.6% |
| 2019 | Journal or Publisher requirement | 529 | 9.3% |
| 2021 | Increased impact and visibility of my research | 504 | 11.2% |
| 2021 | Public benefit | 487 | 10.8% |
| 2021 | Full data citation | 446 | 9.9% |
| 2019 | Transparency and re-use | 427 | 7.5% |
| 2019 | Funder requirement | 422 | 7.4% |
| 2019 | Trust the person requesting the data | 410 | 7.2% |
| 2017 | Increased impact and visibility of my research | 385 | 23.9% |
| 2017 | Public benefit | 344 | 21.3% |
| 2019 | It was made simple and easy to do | 324 | 5.7% |
| 2019 | Institution or Organisation requirement | 307 | 5.4% |
| 2020 | Journal or Publisher requirement | 303 | 6.2% |
| 2018 | Increased impact and visibility of my research | 266 | 23% |
| 2020 | Transparency and re-use | 258 | 5.3% |
| 2020 | Financial reward | 257 | 5.3% |
| 2021 | Transparency and re-use | 250 | 5.6% |
| 2021 | Journal or Publisher requirement | 248 | 5.5% |
| 2018 | Public benefit | 238 | 20.5% |
| 2020 | Funder requirement | 230 | 4.7% |
| 2020 | Consideration in job reviews and funding applications | 193 | 3.9% |
| 2019 | Freedom of information request | 185 | 3.2% |
| 2021 | Funder requirement | 178 | 4% |
| 2017 | Transparency and re-use | 170 | 10.5% |
| 2020 | Institution or Organisation requirement | 160 | 3.3% |
| 2021 | Financial reward | 141 | 3.1% |
| 2018 | Transparency and re-use | 136 | 11.7% |
| 2017 | Journal or Publisher requirement | 134 | 8.3% |
| 2021 | Direct request from another research | 133 | 3% |
| 2017 | Getting proper credit for sharing data | 123 | 7.6% |
| 2018 | Journal or Publisher requirement | 118 | 10.2% |
| 2019 | It was a field/industry expectation | 117 | 2.1% |
| 2017 | Funder requirement | 115 | 7.1% |
| 2021 | Consideration in job reviews and funding applications | 114 | 2.5% |
| 2017 | Trust the person requesting my data | 113 | 7% |
| 2020 | Direct request from another research | 106 | 2.2% |
| 2021 | Institution or Organisation requirement | 104 | 2.3% |
| 2021 | It was made simple and easy to do | 99 | 2.2% |
| 2020 | It was made simple and easy to do | 97 | 2% |
| 2018 | Getting proper credit for sharing data | 94 | 8.1% |
| 2019 | I would never share my data | 84 | 1.5% |
| 2017 | It was made simple and easy to do | 83 | 5.1% |
| 2019 | Other (please specify) | 79 | 1.4% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 79 | 1.8% |
| 2018 | Trust the person requesting my data | 76 | 6.6% |
| 2017 | Institution or Organisation requirement | 70 | 4.3% |
| 2018 | Funder requirement | 69 | 6% |
| 2020 | Freedom of information request | 63 | 1.3% |
| 2021 | Freedom of information request | 62 | 1.4% |
| 2020 | Other (please specify) | 60 | 1.2% |
| 2021 | I would never share my data | 60 | 1.3% |
| 2018 | It was made simple and easy to do | 57 | 4.9% |
| 2018 | Institution or Organisation requirement | 55 | 4.7% |
| 2017 | Freedom of information request | 45 | 2.8% |
| 2021 | It was a field/industry expectation | 36 | 0.8% |
| 2021 | Open data badge | 33 | 0.7% |
| 2020 | It was a field/industry expectation | 32 | 0.7% |
| 2017 | Other (please specify) | 30 | 1.9% |
| 2018 | Freedom of information request | 28 | 2.4% |
| 2018 | Other (please specify) | 22 | 1.9% |
Q5.4 If the reuse of your data in a subsequent paper resulted in you being credited as a co-author, how much would this motivate you to make your data openly available to others?
| Survey | Q5.4 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | A great deal | 2086 | 36.6% |
| 2020 | A great deal | 1820 | 36.8% |
| 2019 | A lot | 1730 | 30.4% |
| 2021 | A great deal | 1701 | 37.9% |
| 2020 | A lot | 1513 | 30.6% |
| 2021 | A lot | 1316 | 29.3% |
| 2019 | A moderate amount | 1036 | 18.2% |
| 2020 | A moderate amount | 1027 | 20.8% |
| 2021 | A moderate amount | 894 | 19.9% |
| 2017 | Quite a lot | 881 | 33% |
| 2016 | Quite a lot | 621 | 36.7% |
| 2017 | Neutral | 590 | 22.1% |
| 2017 | Very much | 587 | 22% |
| 2016 | Very much | 542 | 32% |
| 2018 | Quite a lot | 466 | 35.9% |
| 2019 | None at all | 443 | 7.8% |
| 2017 | Somewhat | 418 | 15.7% |
| 2019 | A little | 405 | 7.1% |
| 2018 | Very much | 317 | 24.4% |
| 2016 | Neutral | 309 | 18.3% |
| 2021 | None at all | 298 | 6.6% |
| 2020 | None at all | 297 | 6% |
| 2020 | A little | 288 | 5.8% |
| 2021 | A little | 282 | 6.3% |
| 2018 | Neutral | 234 | 18% |
| 2018 | Somewhat | 204 | 15.7% |
| 2017 | Not at all | 192 | 7.2% |
| 2016 | Somewhat | 139 | 8.2% |
| 2016 | Not at all | 82 | 4.8% |
| 2018 | Not at all | 78 | 6% |
Q5.5 Have you ever received credit/acknowledgement for sharing data?
| Survey | Q5.5 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | No | 3388 | 59.4% |
| 2020 | No | 2726 | 55.1% |
| 2020 | Yes | 1444 | 29.2% |
| 2019 | Yes | 1222 | 21.4% |
| 2019 | I don’t know | 1090 | 19.1% |
| 2020 | I don’t know | 775 | 15.7% |
| 2021 | No | 281 | 64.6% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 98 | 22.5% |
| 2021 | Yes | 56 | 12.9% |
Q5.6 What recognition have you received for sharing your research data?
| Survey | Q5.6 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | I don’t know | 1834 | 28.9% |
| 2021 | Full citation in another article | 1744 | 29% |
| 2020 | Full citation in another article | 1661 | 26.2% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 1660 | 27.6% |
| 2020 | Co-authorship on a paper which used my data | 1290 | 20.4% |
| 2021 | Co-authorship on a paper which used my data | 1142 | 19% |
| 2019 | Full citation in another article | 815 | 47.5% |
| 2020 | Consideration of actions in a grant application | 504 | 8% |
| 2020 | Other (please specify) | 440 | 6.9% |
| 2019 | Co-authorship on a paper which used my data | 429 | 25% |
| 2020 | Consideration of actions in a job review | 381 | 6% |
| 2021 | Consideration of actions in a grant application | 362 | 6% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 339 | 5.6% |
| 2021 | Consideration of actions in a job review | 307 | 5.1% |
| 2021 | Financial reward | 301 | 5% |
| 2020 | Financial reward | 228 | 3.6% |
| 2019 | Other (please specify) | 175 | 10.2% |
| 2021 | Open data badge | 155 | 2.6% |
| 2019 | Consideration of actions in a job review | 97 | 5.7% |
| 2019 | Consideration of actions in a grant application | 95 | 5.5% |
| 2019 | Financial reward | 73 | 4.3% |
| 2019 | I don’t know | 31 | 1.8% |
Q5.7 How supportive would you be of a national mandate for making research data openly available?
| Survey | Q5.7 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Strongly support | 2748 | 48.2% |
| 2020 | Strongly support | 2178 | 44% |
| 2021 | Strongly support | 1852 | 41.2% |
| 2019 | Somewhat support | 1713 | 30.1% |
| 2020 | Somewhat support | 1527 | 30.9% |
| 2021 | Somewhat support | 1427 | 31.8% |
| 2016 | Strongly support | 929 | 51.6% |
| 2020 | Neutral | 849 | 17.2% |
| 2021 | Neutral | 822 | 18.3% |
| 2017 | Neutral | 766 | 31.8% |
| 2017 | Strongly support | 709 | 29.4% |
| 2019 | Neutral | 661 | 11.6% |
| 2017 | Somewhat support | 616 | 25.5% |
| 2016 | Somewhat support | 470 | 26.1% |
| 2018 | Strongly support | 376 | 31.4% |
| 2018 | Somewhat support | 371 | 31% |
| 2019 | Somewhat oppose | 370 | 6.5% |
| 2018 | Neutral | 304 | 25.4% |
| 2016 | Neutral | 257 | 14.3% |
| 2020 | Somewhat oppose | 257 | 5.2% |
| 2021 | Somewhat oppose | 219 | 4.9% |
| 2019 | Strongly oppose | 208 | 3.6% |
| 2017 | Somewhat oppose | 193 | 8% |
| 2021 | Strongly oppose | 171 | 3.8% |
| 2020 | Strongly oppose | 134 | 2.7% |
| 2017 | Strongly oppose | 127 | 5.3% |
| 2016 | Somewhat oppose | 100 | 5.6% |
| 2018 | Somewhat oppose | 77 | 6.4% |
| 2018 | Strongly oppose | 68 | 5.7% |
| 2016 | Strongly oppose | 43 | 2.4% |
Q5.8 Should funders withhold funding from (or penalise in other ways) researchers who do not share their data if the funder has mandated that they do so at the grant application stage?
| Survey | Q5.8 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Yes | 3947 | 69.2% |
| 2020 | Yes | 2616 | 52.9% |
| 2021 | Yes | 2142 | 47.7% |
| 2020 | I don’t know | 1260 | 25.5% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 1208 | 26.9% |
| 2021 | No | 1141 | 25.4% |
| 2020 | No | 1069 | 21.6% |
| 2019 | No | 950 | 16.7% |
| 2019 | I don’t know | 803 | 14.1% |
Q5.9 Should funders make the sharing of research data part of their requirements for awarding grants?
| Survey | Q5.9 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Yes | 3907 | 68.5% |
| 2020 | Yes | 2716 | 54.9% |
| 2021 | Yes | 2322 | 52.1% |
| 2019 | No | 1264 | 22.2% |
| 2020 | I don’t know | 1263 | 25.5% |
| 2021 | No | 1138 | 25.6% |
| 2021 | I don’t know | 994 | 22.3% |
| 2020 | No | 966 | 19.5% |
| 2019 | I don’t know | 529 | 9.3% |
Q6.1 About you
| Survey | Q6.1 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | University | 3572 | 62.7% |
| 2020 | University | 2911 | 58.9% |
| 2021 | University | 2638 | 58.9% |
| 2017 | University | 1453 | 62.5% |
| 2019 | Research institution | 801 | 14.1% |
| 2020 | Research institution | 742 | 15% |
| 2018 | University | 710 | 62.2% |
| 2021 | Research institution | 635 | 14.2% |
| 2020 | Medical school | 331 | 6.7% |
| 2019 | Private company | 323 | 5.7% |
| 2020 | Hospital | 318 | 6.4% |
| 2017 | Research institution | 316 | 13.6% |
| 2021 | Medical school | 305 | 6.8% |
| 2019 | Medical school | 286 | 5% |
| 2020 | Private company | 254 | 5.1% |
| 2019 | Government/Local government | 251 | 4.4% |
| 2021 | Private company | 248 | 5.5% |
| 2021 | Other (please specify) | 242 | 5.4% |
| 2019 | Hospital | 238 | 4.2% |
| 2019 | Other (please specify) | 229 | 4% |
| 2021 | Hospital | 228 | 5.1% |
| 2020 | Other (please specify) | 203 | 4.1% |
| 2020 | Government/Local government | 186 | 3.8% |
| 2021 | Government/Local government | 186 | 4.1% |
| 2018 | Research institution | 166 | 14.5% |
| 2017 | Hospital | 116 | 5% |
| 2017 | Government/Local government | 113 | 4.9% |
| 2017 | Private company | 113 | 4.9% |
| 2017 | Other (please specify) | 108 | 4.6% |
| 2017 | Medical school | 105 | 4.5% |
| 2018 | Other (please specify) | 74 | 6.5% |
| 2018 | Private company | 60 | 5.3% |
| 2018 | Government/Local government | 48 | 4.2% |
| 2018 | Medical school | 46 | 4% |
| 2018 | Hospital | 37 | 3.2% |
Q6.4 What is your current tenure status?
| Survey | Q6.4 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Tenured | 2462 | 43.7% |
| 2021 | Tenured | 1941 | 43.6% |
| 2020 | Tenured | 1336 | 46.1% |
| 2019 | No tenure system at my institution/organisation | 1304 | 23.1% |
| 2019 | Not on tenure track | 949 | 16.8% |
| 2021 | No tenure system at my institution/organisation | 910 | 20.4% |
| 2021 | Not on tenure track | 871 | 19.5% |
| 2020 | Not on tenure track | 575 | 19.9% |
| 2019 | No tenure system for my faculty status | 516 | 9.2% |
| 2020 | No tenure system at my institution/organisation | 443 | 15.3% |
| 2021 | No tenure system for my faculty status | 403 | 9% |
| 2019 | On tenure track but not tenured | 402 | 7.1% |
| 2021 | On tenure track but not tenured | 331 | 7.4% |
| 2020 | No tenure system for my faculty status | 286 | 9.9% |
| 2020 | On tenure track but not tenured | 256 | 8.8% |
Q6.5 Which country are you located in?
| Survey | Q6.5 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | United States | 886 | 15.9% |
| 2021 | United States | 644 | 14.7% |
| 2020 | India | 576 | 12% |
| 2020 | United States | 573 | 12% |
| 2021 | India | 502 | 11.5% |
| 2017 | United States | 478 | 19.6% |
| 2019 | India | 445 | 8% |
| 2016 | United States | 342 | 23.9% |
| 2020 | Japan | 293 | 6.1% |
| 2019 | Germany | 275 | 4.9% |
| 2021 | Japan | 268 | 6.1% |
| 2021 | Germany | 250 | 5.7% |
| 2019 | United Kingdom | 239 | 4.3% |
| 2019 | Italy | 238 | 4.3% |
| 2020 | China (Mainland) | 228 | 4.8% |
| 2018 | United States | 222 | 18.9% |
| 2020 | Germany | 222 | 4.6% |
| 2020 | Italy | 204 | 4.3% |
| 2021 | United Kingdom | 197 | 4.5% |
| 2021 | Italy | 191 | 4.4% |
| 2017 | India | 190 | 7.8% |
| 2019 | Canada | 186 | 3.3% |
| 2019 | China | 181 | 3.2% |
| 2020 | Brazil | 175 | 3.7% |
| 2019 | Brazil | 173 | 3.1% |
| 2020 | United Kingdom | 164 | 3.4% |
| 2019 | Spain | 155 | 2.8% |
| 2016 | United Kingdom | 141 | 9.9% |
| 2019 | Australia | 127 | 2.3% |
| 2017 | Brazil | 125 | 5.1% |
| 2017 | China | 125 | 5.1% |
| 2021 | China (Mainland) | 121 | 2.8% |
| 2019 | Russia | 115 | 2.1% |
| 2021 | Brazil | 115 | 2.6% |
| 2017 | Australia | 113 | 4.6% |
| 2020 | Canada | 112 | 2.3% |
| 2019 | Iran | 105 | 1.9% |
| 2020 | Russia | 105 | 2.2% |
| 2020 | Nigeria | 102 | 2.1% |
| 2017 | United Kingdom | 100 | 4.1% |
| 2019 | France | 100 | 1.8% |
| 2019 | Japan | 100 | 1.8% |
| 2019 | Egypt | 99 | 1.8% |
| 2021 | Australia | 97 | 2.2% |
| 2020 | Spain | 96 | 2% |
| 2021 | Spain | 96 | 2.2% |
| 2016 | India | 92 | 6.4% |
| 2019 | Netherlands | 92 | 1.6% |
| 2019 | Mexico | 91 | 1.6% |
| 2018 | India | 90 | 7.7% |
| 2021 | Canada | 90 | 2.1% |
| 2017 | Canada | 85 | 3.5% |
| 2019 | Pakistan | 85 | 1.5% |
| 2019 | Nigeria | 84 | 1.5% |
| 2019 | Turkey | 83 | 1.5% |
| 2016 | Germany | 82 | 5.7% |
| 2017 | Spain | 81 | 3.3% |
| 2020 | Australia | 80 | 1.7% |
| 2018 | United Kingdom | 78 | 6.6% |
| 2019 | Portugal | 76 | 1.4% |
| 2020 | Mexico | 76 | 1.6% |
| 2019 | Sweden | 73 | 1.3% |
| 2020 | Netherlands | 73 | 1.5% |
| 2021 | Nigeria | 71 | 1.6% |
| 2017 | Germany | 70 | 2.9% |
| 2019 | Poland | 69 | 1.2% |
| 2020 | Indonesia | 69 | 1.4% |
| 2021 | Mexico | 66 | 1.5% |
| 2020 | Egypt | 65 | 1.4% |
| 2020 | Turkey | 65 | 1.4% |
| 2021 | Poland | 65 | 1.5% |
| 2020 | Ethiopia | 62 | 1.3% |
| 2020 | Pakistan | 62 | 1.3% |
| 2017 | Iran | 61 | 2.5% |
| 2017 | Mexico | 61 | 2.5% |
| 2019 | Israel | 61 | 1.1% |
| 2019 | Switzerland | 61 | 1.1% |
| 2016 | Italy | 60 | 4.2% |
| 2017 | Russia | 60 | 2.5% |
| 2021 | Turkey | 60 | 1.4% |
| 2018 | Germany | 59 | 5% |
| 2021 | Pakistan | 59 | 1.3% |
| 2021 | France | 57 | 1.3% |
| 2020 | France | 55 | 1.1% |
| 2021 | Russia | 55 | 1.3% |
| 2019 | Ethiopia | 54 | 1% |
| 2020 | Romania | 54 | 1.1% |
| 2019 | Austria | 53 | 0.9% |
| 2021 | Portugal | 53 | 1.2% |
| 2016 | Canada | 52 | 3.6% |
| 2020 | Poland | 52 | 1.1% |
| 2021 | Greece | 52 | 1.2% |
| 2021 | South Africa | 52 | 1.2% |
| 2016 | Brazil | 51 | 3.6% |
| 2020 | Argentina | 51 | 1.1% |
| 2019 | South Korea | 50 | 0.9% |
| 2020 | Portugal | 50 | 1% |
| 2018 | Italy | 49 | 4.2% |
| 2019 | Greece | 48 | 0.9% |
| 2018 | Spain | 46 | 3.9% |
| 2020 | Malaysia | 46 | 1% |
| 2016 | China | 45 | 3.1% |
| 2020 | Greece | 45 | 0.9% |
| 2020 | Switzerland | 44 | 0.9% |
| 2018 | Brazil | 43 | 3.7% |
| 2021 | Ethiopia | 43 | 1% |
| 2021 | Malaysia | 43 | 1% |
| 2016 | Spain | 42 | 2.9% |
| 2019 | Malaysia | 42 | 0.8% |
| 2019 | Romania | 42 | 0.8% |
| 2021 | Egypt | 42 | 1% |
| 2021 | Netherlands | 42 | 1% |
| 2016 | Japan | 41 | 2.9% |
| 2019 | Argentina | 41 | 0.7% |
| 2019 | South Africa | 41 | 0.7% |
| 2018 | Canada | 40 | 3.4% |
| 2020 | South Africa | 40 | 0.8% |
| 2019 | Norway | 39 | 0.7% |
| 2021 | Switzerland | 39 | 0.9% |
| 2016 | Australia | 38 | 2.7% |
| 2017 | Argentina | 38 | 1.6% |
| 2020 | Sweden | 38 | 0.8% |
| 2021 | Romania | 38 | 0.9% |
| 2018 | Australia | 37 | 3.1% |
| 2016 | France | 36 | 2.5% |
| 2019 | Colombia | 36 | 0.6% |
| 2019 | Denmark | 36 | 0.6% |
| 2019 | Indonesia | 36 | 0.6% |
| 2020 | Norway | 36 | 0.8% |
| 2019 | Belgium | 35 | 0.6% |
| 2021 | Sweden | 35 | 0.8% |
| 2019 | Czech Republic | 34 | 0.6% |
| 2020 | Austria | 34 | 0.7% |
| 2021 | Argentina | 34 | 0.8% |
| 2021 | Indonesia | 34 | 0.8% |
| 2017 | Italy | 33 | 1.4% |
| 2017 | South Korea | 33 | 1.4% |
| 2019 | Hungary | 33 | 0.6% |
| 2020 | Iran | 33 | 0.7% |
| 2017 | Japan | 32 | 1.3% |
| 2021 | Austria | 32 | 0.7% |
| 2017 | Malaysia | 31 | 1.3% |
| 2017 | Netherlands | 31 | 1.3% |
| 2017 | Israel | 30 | 1.2% |
| 2019 | Iraq | 30 | 0.5% |
| 2019 | Ukraine | 30 | 0.5% |
| 2020 | Colombia | 30 | 0.6% |
| 2020 | Taiwan | 30 | 0.6% |
| 2019 | Chile | 29 | 0.5% |
| 2021 | Czech Republic | 29 | 0.7% |
| 2021 | Korea South) | 29 | 0.7% |
| 2021 | Norway | 29 | 0.7% |
| 2017 | Turkey | 28 | 1.1% |
| 2018 | China | 28 | 2.4% |
| 2018 | Mexico | 28 | 2.4% |
| 2021 | Iran | 28 | 0.6% |
| 2017 | Portugal | 27 | 1.1% |
| 2019 | Croatia | 27 | 0.5% |
| 2019 | Saudi Arabia | 27 | 0.5% |
| 2019 | Serbia | 27 | 0.5% |
| 2020 | Chile | 27 | 0.6% |
| 2017 | Greece | 26 | 1.1% |
| 2019 | Finland | 26 | 0.5% |
| 2019 | New Zealand | 26 | 0.5% |
| 2019 | Thailand | 26 | 0.5% |
| 2020 | Saudi Arabia | 26 | 0.5% |
| 2021 | New Zealand | 26 | 0.6% |
| 2017 | Nigeria | 25 | 1% |
| 2020 | Belgium | 25 | 0.5% |
| 2021 | Denmark | 25 | 0.6% |
| 2021 | Taiwan | 25 | 0.6% |
| 2017 | South Africa | 24 | 1% |
| 2020 | Bangladesh | 24 | 0.5% |
| 2016 | Netherlands | 23 | 1.6% |
| 2016 | Switzerland | 23 | 1.6% |
| 2019 | Bangladesh | 23 | 0.4% |
| 2021 | Belgium | 23 | 0.5% |
| 2021 | Colombia | 23 | 0.5% |
| 2021 | Israel | 23 | 0.5% |
| 2017 | Sweden | 22 | 0.9% |
| 2018 | Sweden | 22 | 1.9% |
| 2019 | Taiwan | 22 | 0.4% |
| 2020 | Ireland | 22 | 0.5% |
| 2020 | Israel | 22 | 0.5% |
| 2020 | Ukraine | 22 | 0.5% |
| 2021 | Croatia | 22 | 0.5% |
| 2017 | Taiwan | 21 | 0.9% |
| 2018 | France | 21 | 1.8% |
| 2018 | Iran | 21 | 1.8% |
| 2021 | Bangladesh | 21 | 0.5% |
| 2021 | Ukraine | 21 | 0.5% |
| 2017 | Egypt | 20 | 0.8% |
| 2020 | Hungary | 20 | 0.4% |
| 2020 | Korea South) | 20 | 0.4% |
| 2018 | Japan | 19 | 1.6% |
| 2019 | Algeria | 19 | 0.3% |
| 2020 | Nepal | 19 | 0.4% |
| 2020 | Peru | 19 | 0.4% |
| 2020 | Serbia | 19 | 0.4% |
| 2016 | Portugal | 18 | 1.3% |
| 2016 | Sweden | 18 | 1.3% |
| 2017 | Ethiopia | 18 | 0.7% |
| 2017 | France | 18 | 0.7% |
| 2017 | New Zealand | 18 | 0.7% |
| 2017 | Pakistan | 18 | 0.7% |
| 2018 | Netherlands | 18 | 1.5% |
| 2019 | Ireland | 18 | 0.3% |
| 2020 | Czech Republic | 18 | 0.4% |
| 2020 | Iraq | 18 | 0.4% |
| 2021 | Chile | 18 | 0.4% |
| 2021 | Ireland | 18 | 0.4% |
| 2016 | Mexico | 17 | 1.2% |
| 2016 | South Korea | 17 | 1.2% |
| 2018 | Portugal | 17 | 1.4% |
| 2018 | Turkey | 17 | 1.4% |
| 2020 | Thailand | 17 | 0.4% |
| 2021 | Ghana | 17 | 0.4% |
| 2021 | Philippines | 17 | 0.4% |
| 2016 | Iran | 16 | 1.1% |
| 2017 | Bangladesh | 16 | 0.7% |
| 2017 | Finland | 16 | 0.7% |
| 2018 | Austria | 16 | 1.4% |
| 2019 | Bulgaria | 16 | 0.3% |
| 2019 | Slovenia | 16 | 0.3% |
| 2020 | Algeria | 16 | 0.3% |
| 2020 | Croatia | 16 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Hong Kong | 16 | 0.4% |
| 2021 | Vietnam | 16 | 0.4% |
| 2018 | New Zealand | 15 | 1.3% |
| 2019 | Jordan | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2019 | Peru | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2019 | Philippines | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2020 | Ghana | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2020 | Kenya | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2020 | Philippines | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2020 | Singapore | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Bulgaria | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Hungary | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Iraq | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Peru | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Saudi Arabia | 15 | 0.3% |
| 2016 | Greece | 14 | 1% |
| 2017 | Singapore | 14 | 0.6% |
| 2017 | Thailand | 14 | 0.6% |
| 2020 | Ecuador | 14 | 0.3% |
| 2020 | New Zealand | 14 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Sri Lanka | 14 | 0.3% |
| 2016 | Belgium | 13 | 0.9% |
| 2016 | Poland | 13 | 0.9% |
| 2017 | Belgium | 13 | 0.5% |
| 2017 | Philippines | 13 | 0.5% |
| 2017 | Poland | 13 | 0.5% |
| 2018 | South Africa | 13 | 1.1% |
| 2019 | Ecuador | 13 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | Ghana | 13 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | Kenya | 13 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | Sri Lanka | 13 | 0.3% |
| 2020 | United Arab Emirates | 13 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Nepal | 13 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Singapore | 13 | 0.3% |
| 2016 | New Zealand | 12 | 0.8% |
| 2016 | Norway | 12 | 0.8% |
| 2017 | Colombia | 12 | 0.5% |
| 2017 | Indonesia | 12 | 0.5% |
| 2017 | Romania | 12 | 0.5% |
| 2018 | Argentina | 12 | 1% |
| 2018 | Greece | 12 | 1% |
| 2018 | Romania | 12 | 1% |
| 2018 | Switzerland | 12 | 1% |
| 2019 | Venezuela | 12 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | Denmark | 12 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Kenya | 12 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Serbia | 12 | 0.3% |
| 2016 | Russia | 11 | 0.8% |
| 2017 | Denmark | 11 | 0.5% |
| 2017 | Ukraine | 11 | 0.5% |
| 2018 | Nigeria | 11 | 0.9% |
| 2018 | Russia | 11 | 0.9% |
| 2019 | Estonia | 11 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | Uruguay | 11 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | Vietnam | 11 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | Finland | 11 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | Morocco | 11 | 0.2% |
| 2021 | Ecuador | 11 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Slovakia | 11 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | Thailand | 11 | 0.3% |
| 2021 | United Arab Emirates | 11 | 0.3% |
| 2016 | Denmark | 10 | 0.7% |
| 2017 | Morocco | 10 | 0.4% |
| 2017 | Norway | 10 | 0.4% |
| 2018 | Thailand | 10 | 0.9% |
| 2019 | Tunisia | 10 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | United Arab Emirates | 10 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | Slovenia | 10 | 0.2% |
| 2021 | Morocco | 10 | 0.2% |
| 2021 | Tanzania | 10 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Ireland | 9 | 0.6% |
| 2016 | Israel | 9 | 0.6% |
| 2016 | Pakistan | 9 | 0.6% |
| 2016 | Turkey | 9 | 0.6% |
| 2017 | Switzerland | 9 | 0.4% |
| 2018 | Pakistan | 9 | 0.8% |
| 2018 | Ukraine | 9 | 0.8% |
| 2019 | Albania | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | Cameroon | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | Morocco | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | Palestine | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | Singapore | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | Slovakia | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | Sri Lanka | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | Bulgaria | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | Uganda | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | Zambia | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2021 | Estonia | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2021 | Finland | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2021 | Slovenia | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2021 | Tunisia | 9 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Czech Republic | 8 | 0.6% |
| 2017 | Algeria | 8 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | Austria | 8 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | Chile | 8 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Colombia | 8 | 0.7% |
| 2018 | Egypt | 8 | 0.7% |
| 2018 | Slovenia | 8 | 0.7% |
| 2019 | Belarus | 8 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Costa Rica | 8 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Nepal | 8 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Sudan | 8 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Cameroon | 8 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | Hong Kong | 8 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | Venezuela | 8 | 0.2% |
| 2020 | Vietnam | 8 | 0.2% |
| 2021 | Lebanon | 8 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Argentina | 7 | 0.5% |
| 2016 | Singapore | 7 | 0.5% |
| 2016 | South Africa | 7 | 0.5% |
| 2016 | Taiwan | 7 | 0.5% |
| 2017 | Bulgaria | 7 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | Croatia | 7 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | Czech Republic | 7 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | Kenya | 7 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | Nepal | 7 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | Sri Lanka | 7 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | Tunisia | 7 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Indonesia | 7 | 0.6% |
| 2018 | Poland | 7 | 0.6% |
| 2019 | Lithuania | 7 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Macedonia | 7 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Uganda | 7 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Costa Rica | 7 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Jordan | 7 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Slovakia | 7 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Tunisia | 7 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Cameroon | 7 | 0.2% |
| 2021 | Uganda | 7 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Austria | 6 | 0.4% |
| 2016 | Colombia | 6 | 0.4% |
| 2017 | Hong Kong | 6 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | Ireland | 6 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | Jordan | 6 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | Peru | 6 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | Saudi Arabia | 6 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | Venezuela | 6 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Israel | 6 | 0.5% |
| 2018 | South Korea | 6 | 0.5% |
| 2019 | Hong Kong | 6 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Puerto Rico | 6 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Sudan | 6 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Uzbekistan | 6 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Algeria | 6 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | North Macedonia | 6 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Malaysia | 5 | 0.3% |
| 2016 | Romania | 5 | 0.3% |
| 2016 | Saudi Arabia | 5 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | Cameroon | 5 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | Serbia | 5 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | Slovakia | 5 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | Uganda | 5 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Algeria | 5 | 0.4% |
| 2018 | Belgium | 5 | 0.4% |
| 2018 | Denmark | 5 | 0.4% |
| 2018 | Jordan | 5 | 0.4% |
| 2018 | Malaysia | 5 | 0.4% |
| 2019 | Cyprus | 5 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Lebanon | 5 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Luxembourg | 5 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Albania | 5 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Estonia | 5 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Kazakhstan | 5 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Tanzania | 5 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Oman | 5 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Uzbekistan | 5 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Indonesia | 4 | 0.3% |
| 2016 | Nigeria | 4 | 0.3% |
| 2016 | Peru | 4 | 0.3% |
| 2017 | Hungary | 4 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | Tanzania | 4 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | Vietnam | 4 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Bangladesh | 4 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Czech Republic | 4 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Iraq | 4 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Singapore | 4 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | United Arab Emirates | 4 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Venezuela | 4 | 0.3% |
| 2019 | Armenia | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Burma | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Georgia | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Kazakhstan | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Libya | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Oman | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Tanzania | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Vatican City | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Yemen | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Belarus | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Kuwait | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Latvia | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Lebanon | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Lithuania | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Trinidad and Tobago | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Albania | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Lithuania | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Macao | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Myanmar | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Venezuela | 4 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Bulgaria | 3 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Chile | 3 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Croatia | 3 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Finland | 3 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Kenya | 3 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Slovakia | 3 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Uruguay | 3 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Venezuela | 3 | 0.2% |
| 2016 | Vietnam | 3 | 0.2% |
| 2017 | Cuba | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Iraq | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Qatar | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Zambia | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Costa Rica | 3 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Hungary | 3 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Ireland | 3 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Lithuania | 3 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Saudi Arabia | 3 | 0.3% |
| 2018 | Taiwan | 3 | 0.3% |
| 2019 | Afghanistan | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Latvia | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Lesotho | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Zambia | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Zimbabwe | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Guatemala | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Kyrgyzstan | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Luxembourg | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Mauritius | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Montenegro | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | North Macedonia | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Panama | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Papua New Guinea | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Qatar | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Rwanda | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Uruguay | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2020 | Yemen | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Afghanistan | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Armenia | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Cambodia | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Iceland | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Kazakhstan | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Kyrgyzstan | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Latvia | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Luxembourg | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Malta | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Rwanda | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Sudan | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Yemen | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2021 | Zambia | 3 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Andorra | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Bangladesh | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Costa Rica | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Egypt | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | El Salvador | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Hungary | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Iraq | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Jordan | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Lebanon | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Lithuania | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Qatar | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Thailand | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Ukraine | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | United Arab Emirates | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Albania | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Armenia | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Belarus | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Bermuda | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Bolivia | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Burma | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Cambodia | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Costa Rica | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Cyprus | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Ecuador | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Estonia | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Ghana | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Lebanon | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Namibia | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Panama | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Syria | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Trinidad and Tobago | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | United Arab Emirates | 2 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Bulgaria | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Cameroon | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Ethiopia | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Finland | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Latvia | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Malawi | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Morocco | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Nicaragua | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Norway | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Slovakia | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Trinidad and Tobago | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2018 | Uruguay | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | Andorra | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Antigua and Barbuda | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Bolivia | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Burkina Faso | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Cambodia | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Cote d’Ivoire | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Guatemala | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Iceland | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Jamaica | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Kuwait | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Malawi | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Mali | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Mauritius | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Moldova | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Mongolia | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Qatar | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | Syria | 2 | 0% |
| 2019 | United States Virgin Islands | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Afghanistan | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Antarctica | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Cambodia | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Fiji | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Gabon | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Georgia | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Iceland | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Ivory Coast | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Macao | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Mali | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Malta | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Moldova | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Mongolia | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Oman | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Palestinian territories | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Senegal | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Sierra Leone | 2 | 0% |
| 2020 | Zimbabwe | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Bahrain | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Belarus | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Bolivia | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Brunei | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Costa Rica | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Cuba | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Cyprus | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Guadeloupe | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Jordan | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Malawi | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Mauritius | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Palestinian territories | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Qatar | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Trinidad and Tobago | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Uruguay | 2 | 0% |
| 2021 | Zimbabwe | 2 | 0% |
| 2016 | Albania | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Algeria | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Anguilla | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Belarus | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Cameroon | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Ecuador | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Estonia | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Falkland Islands | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Ghana | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Guatemala | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Guyana | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Hong Kong | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Iceland | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Kazakhstan | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Latvia | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Moldova | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Nepal | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Nicaragua | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Paraguay | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Serbia | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Slovenia | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Sri Lanka | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Tunisia | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2016 | Vanuatu | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2017 | Andorra | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Botswana | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Burkina Faso | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Cape Verde | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Chad | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Congo, Democratic Republic of | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Guadeloupe | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Iceland | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Jamaica | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Lesotho | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Lithuania | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Malawi | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Mali | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Malta | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Martinique | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Navassa Island | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Oman | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Papua New Guinea | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Saint Lucia | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Samoa | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Slovenia | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Swaziland | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Uruguay | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Uzbekistan | 1 | 0% |
| 2017 | Zimbabwe | 1 | 0% |
| 2018 | Albania | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Andorra | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Anguilla | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Bahrain | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Benin | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Burma | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Chile | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Congo, Republic of | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Croatia | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Cyprus | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Ecuador | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Estonia | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | French Polynesia | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Georgia | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Ghana | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Haiti | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Hong Kong | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Kazakhstan | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Kenya | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Kuwait | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Lebanon | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Libya | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Mali | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Malta | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Mauritius | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | New Caledonia | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Peru | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Philippines | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Qatar | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Serbia | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Sri Lanka | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Sudan | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Syria | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Tanzania | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Vatican City | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Vietnam | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2018 | Yemen | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2019 | Azerbaijan | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Bahrain | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Barbados | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Belize | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Benin | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Brunei | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Burundi | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Congo, Democratic Republic of | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Cuba | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Dominican Republic | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | El Salvador | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Falkland Islands | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Guam/Saipan | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Honduras | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Kyrgyzstan | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Laos | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Liberia | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Montenegro | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Mozambique | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Niue | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Panama | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Paraguay | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Rwanda | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Senegal | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Somalia | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Tajikistan | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Uzbekistan | 1 | 0% |
| 2019 | Wallis Futuna | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Azerbaijan | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Benin | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Botswana | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Cape Verde | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Central African Republic | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Congo ( Republic) | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Cuba | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Djibouti | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Eswatini | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Guinea | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Lesotho | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Malawi | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Maldives | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Myanmar | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Nicaragua | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Northern Mariana Islands | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | South Sudan | 1 | 0% |
| 2020 | Syria | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Ã…land Islands | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Andorra | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Antigua and Barbuda | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Azerbaijan | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Bermuda | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Botswana | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Cape Verde | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Gambia | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Guam | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Guatemala | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Guinea | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Guyana | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Haiti | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Ivory Coast | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Jamaica | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Kosovo | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Lesotho | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Madagascar | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Montenegro | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Mozambique | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Nicaragua | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Northern Mariana Islands | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Paraguay | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 0% |
| 2021 | Suriname | 1 | 0% |
Q6.5_1 Which continent are you located in?
| Survey | Q6.5_1 | n | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Europe | 2175 | 39.1% |
| 2020 | Asia (including Middle East) | 1591 | 33.2% |
| 2020 | Europe | 1582 | 33.1% |
| 2021 | Europe | 1562 | 35.7% |
| 2021 | Asia (including Middle East) | 1332 | 30.5% |
| 2019 | Asia (including Middle East) | 1311 | 23.6% |
| 2019 | North America (including Central America and the Carribean) | 1082 | 19.5% |
| 2021 | North America (including Central America and the Carribean) | 743 | 17% |
| 2020 | North America (including Central America and the Carribean) | 696 | 14.5% |
| 2017 | Europe | 682 | 28% |
| 2017 | Asia (including Middle East) | 634 | 26% |
| 2016 | Europe | 589 | 41.2% |
| 2017 | North America (including Central America and the Carribean) | 573 | 23.5% |
| 2018 | Europe | 461 | 39.3% |
| 2019 | South America | 437 | 7.9% |
| 2020 | South America | 415 | 8.7% |
| 2020 | Africa | 396 | 8.3% |
| 2016 | North America (including Central America and the Carribean) | 395 | 27.6% |
| 2019 | Africa | 395 | 7.1% |
| 2021 | Africa | 310 | 7.1% |
| 2021 | South America | 297 | 6.8% |
| 2016 | Asia (including Middle East) | 270 | 18.9% |
| 2018 | North America (including Central America and the Carribean) | 266 | 22.7% |
| 2017 | South America | 265 | 10.9% |
| 2018 | Asia (including Middle East) | 236 | 20.1% |
| 2019 | Australasia | 156 | 2.8% |
| 2017 | Africa | 151 | 6.2% |
| 2017 | Australasia | 134 | 5.5% |
| 2021 | Australasia | 128 | 2.9% |
| 2018 | South America | 105 | 9% |
| 2016 | South America | 103 | 7.2% |
| 2020 | Australasia | 103 | 2.2% |
| 2018 | Australasia | 54 | 4.6% |
| 2016 | Australasia | 52 | 3.6% |
| 2018 | Africa | 51 | 4.3% |
| 2016 | Africa | 20 | 1.4% |
| 2020 | Antarctica | 2 | 0% |